Finding Climate-Water solutions

Finding Climate-Water Solutions


February 12, 2025
Above: Participants at the Wilkes Center Hackathon 2025

Earlier this month, five French Université Côte d’Azur graduate students and two staff leaders traveled to the University of Utah to participate in a climate solutions “hackathon” organized by the Wilkes Center for Climate Science & Policy, and co-sponsored by the Office for Global Engagement, focused on water resiliency.

Pearl Kling, international cooperation officer from Université Côte d’Azur, speaking with Dr. William Anderegg, director of the Wilkes Center for Climate Science & Policy.

The event fulfilled a newly formed U partnership with Université Côte d’Azur in Nice, France. France’s Région Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur will host the 2030 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. Salt Lake City, Utah, will host them in 2034.

The climate solutions hackathon challenges undergraduate and graduate students from any discipline to team-up and develop proposals in a slide deck within 24 hours.

This year, the teams worked from Friday Jan. 31st until Saturday morning, Feb 1st.

The teams of three to five had a day to propose a solution via a slide deck and short presentation promptly due the next morning. The challenge was to propose an innovative, data-driven solution in one of five categories:s surrounding the water resiliency theme.

  1. Municipal Water Supply
  2. Inland and Coastal Flooding
  3. Agriculture
  4. Drought
  5. Water and Energy Infrastructure

Gathered in a bustling event hall in Crocker Science Center, the students engaged with expert faculty from both universities and drew inspiration from a video mentoring space of adept researchers. Mentors touched on important topics; for example, the U’s Marian Rice, associate director of Peak Water Sustainability Engine, spoke on topics such as partnering to protect watersheds and opportunities for green infrastructure. With approximately 88 students participating, 17 total slide decks were ultimately submitted.

On Saturday morning the teams reassembled to pitch their ideas to their peers at the  Crocker Science Center, after which the group voted for the most impressive presentations. Two teams tied for this “People’s Choice Award.”

A panel of Wilkes Center staff and faculty, along with Professor Isabelle La Jeunesse from Université Côte d’Azur, deliberated over the weekend to officially select the top three proposals. Teams were evaluated according to four criteria:

  1. Problem definition and analysis
  2. Uniqueness and innovation
  3. Idea feasibility
  4. Implementation and scalability

“The ideas developed, particularly those of the finalists in this Hackathon, are realistic projects and thus potentially feasible,” said La Jeunesse. “It is therefore entirely possible that some of them will decide to get involved in developing their project, which would be fantastic given the great need in this field.”

Read the full story by Ross Chambless and Alexander Kellgreen, including a list of the winners in @ TheU.

GSL Strike Team Update

making progress on Great Salt Lake


January 22, 2025
Above: Taking fight at Great Salt Lake. Credit: Kelly Hannah

Low water levels at Great Salt Lake continue to threaten Utah’s economic, ecological and human health.

The Great Salt Lake Strike Team — a collaboration of technical experts from Utah’s research universities and state agencies – today released their 2025 data and insights summary. Their authoritative analysis makes eminently clear four critical points:

  • Benefits of the lake — Utah receives numerous economic, ecological and human health benefits from the lake. The costs of inaction to the economy, human health, and ecological conditions remain significant.
  • Making progress — The state of Utah continues to make meaningful progress, including water conservation, infrastructure investment (including measurement and monitoring), statutory and regulatory reforms, berm management, and other actions. The state’s multi-year, data-driven strategy to conserve, dedicate, and deliver water to the lake is on track.
  • Long-term endeavor — Stabilizing and raising lake levels; managing salinity; and protecting economic, human, and species health will require many years of stewardship leading up to the 2034 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games and beyond. Success requires everyone in the Great Salt Lake Basin to participate in conserving, dedicating, and delivering water to the lake every year.
  • Utah’s plan — Later this month the Office of the Great Salt Lake Commissioner’s Office will release the 2034 Plan for a Healthy Great Salt Lake. The plan builds upon the Great Salt Lake Strategic Plan, released in January 2024, by identifying actions needed over the next ten years to preserve the benefits Great Salt Lake provides to Utah and the world. This plan is informed by data developed by the Strike Team.3

“All indications demonstrate that delivering more water to the lake is a far more cost-effective solution than managing the impacts of a lake at a perpetually low level,” said Brian Steed, co-chair of the Great Salt Lake Strike Team and Great Salt Lake Commissioner. “We can invest time and financial resources now or pay a lot more later. Fortunately, we have great data and a balanced and workable plan to succeed.”

Utah’s research universities – Utah State University and University of Utah — formed the Great Salt Lake Strike Team to provide a primary point of contact for policymakers as they address the economic, health, and ecological challenges created by the low elevation levels of the lake. Together with state agency professionals, the Strike Team brings together experts in public policy, hydrology, water management, climatology, dust, and economics to provide impartial, data-informed, and solution-oriented support for the Commissioner’s Office and other Utah decision-makers. The Strike Team does not advocate but rather functions in a technical, policy-advisory role as a service to the state.

“Low lake elevations created by rising temperatures and human water depletions continue to put at risk the benefits created by the lake,” said William Anderegg, Strike Team co-chair and Director of the Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy at the University of Utah. “Our review of the data confirms that with steady and deliberate actions we can first stabilize and then raise lake elevation to levels that protect the benefits provided by the lake.”

The Strike Team’s report includes reporting on lake elevation, reservoir storage, salinity, streamflow, human water use, water rights and change applications, and mineral extraction. Importantly, the report identifies over 30 major milestones from 2024, including but not limited to the following:

  • Lake elevation — Increased inflows during 2024 were spread across both arms of the lake, resulting in a stable elevation for the south arm and larger gains for the north arm (2.8-foot rise). The lake remains well below the healthy range.
  • Ecosystem recovery/bring shrimp — Brine shrimp populations increased, with egg numbers up 50% from last year.
  • Invasive species — The state removed 15,600 acres of water-intensive phragmites, plus many more by other entities.
  • Funding – The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation directed $50 million toward Great Salt Lake preservation projects. Utah awarded $5.4 million to support 6,000 acres of Great Salt Lake wetlands and allocated $22 million for Great Salt Lake water infrastructure projects and $15 million to the Great Salt Lake Commissioner’s Office for planning and water leasing.
  • Water donations and releases — Jordan Valley Water Conservancy, Welby Jacob Water Users, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints released approximately 10,000 acre-feet from Utah Lake to the Great Salt Lake via the Jordan River. Compass Minerals agreed to forgo 200,000 acre-feet of future water use, and Morton Salt agreed to forgo 54,000 acre-feet of future water use. Both companies also agreed to cease all usage if the lake drops to 2022 levels. Water conservancy districts released stored water during the winter, including approximately 700,000 acre-feet of water that was released through the Jordan and Weber river systems.

The Strike Team acknowledges and appreciates the support of Gov. Spencer Cox and his Cabinet, Senate President Stuart Adams, Speaker Mike Schultz, the full Utah Legislature, Presidents Elizabeth Cantwell and Taylor Randall, and other colleagues and partners who support data-informed solutions for the lake. The leaders of the Strike Team affirmed in their opening letter that “actions to ensure a healthy Great Salt Lake are both necessary and possible.”

Recent average daily elevation of Great Salt Lake north and south arms (1903-2024)

Source: US Geological Survey Historical Elevation at Saltair Boat Harbor and Saline, UT.

The full report is now available online.

Water resiliency and the Olympics

Water resiliency challenges and the Olympics

Students from the University of Utah and Université Côte d'Azur, France, will tackle water resource challenges with Climate Solutions Hackathon

Because of a warming climate, future winter Olympic Games will contend with declining snowpacks that may prevent the world’s best athletes from competing on the global stage. Host cities are strategizing how to reduce carbon emissions and protect their precious water resources.

Anticipating these challenges, a group of graduate students from Université Côte d'Azur in Nice, France, will travel to the University of Utah this week to participate in a climate solutions “hackathon” focused on addressing water resiliency.

France’s Région Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur will host the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in 2030, and Salt Lake City will host the games in 2034.

“Water resiliency is one of the defining challenges of our time. U researchers are tackling it head-on by exploring critical questions across water science, policy, engineering, and health sciences and addressing issues like water access, quality, and sustainability,” said Erin Rothwell, Vice President for Research at the U. “By working collaboratively with policymakers, organizations, and communities, we’re driving innovative solutions to ensure a sustainable water future—locally and globally—for generations to come.”

The U and Université Côte d'Azur have grown their strategic partnership since a successful Film & Media Arts learning abroad program that launched in 2017.  Last year, the universities kicked off a collaborative international research program geared toward sustainable and inclusive Olympic and Paralympic Games.

“It is truly inspiring to witness the flourishing bond between the University of Utah and Université Côte d'Azur, both in its purpose and its dynamic potential,” said President of Université Côte d’Azur, M. Jeanick Brisswalter.  “This collaboration exemplifies our shared commitment to addressing global challenges, particularly through the lens of the sustainable development goals. With our students participating in the Wilkes Center for Climate Science & Policy international hackathon on climate change, focused on tackling water management, we will be looking forward to seeing their innovative contributions at the intersection of education, sustainability, and global action.”

The Climate Solutions Hackathon, organized annually by the Wilkes Center for Climate Science & Policy at the U, provides an ideal venue for collaboration and creativity in addressing current and forecasted climate change-driven conditions.

Undergraduate and graduate students from any discipline are encouraged to team-up and develop proposals in a slide deck within 24 hours. They will pitch their projects to their peers on Saturday and meet again Monday, Feb. 3 for an awards reception event. Last year the hackathon focused on wildfire, and urban heat was the focus in 2023.

“The French Alps and the Wasatch range are both experiencing changes in hydrology, rates of snowmelt, and rising temperatures,” noted William Anderegg, director of the Wilkes Center. “The challenges facing water resilience and winter sports have no boundaries, and thus this collaboration to generate creative solutions is essential.”

 Schedule of hackathon activities:

  • Friday, Jan. 31, 12:00 noon, the 24-hour hackathon begins. (Crocker Science Center, Room 206, 1390 Presidents' Cir, Salt Lake City, UT 84112)
  • Saturday, Feb. 1, 10:30 p.m., the hackathon ends.
  • Saturday, Feb. 1, 10:30 a.m. to 12:00 noon, teams present their solutions to a panel of judges. (Crocker Science Center, Room 206)
  • Monday, Feb. 3, 6:00 to 8:00 p.m., reception and awards ceremony for all participants at Red Butte Gardens and Arboretum.

More information about the event is online here.


January 21, 2025
Above: Atmospheric instrumentation on the roof of the Browning Building, University of Utah.

Anderegg Receives White House Early-Career Award

Anderegg Receives White House Early-Career Award


January 23, 2025
Above: William Anderegg

In his last week in office, President Biden awarded nearly 400 scientists and engineers the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), the highest honor bestowed by the U.S. government on outstanding scientists and engineers early in their careers.

William Anderegg, professor of biology and director of the Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy at the U, is one of the newest PECASE recipients. 

The PECASE Award is the highest honor bestowed by the U.S. government on outstanding scientists and engineers. The awards are conferred annually at the White House following recommendations from participating agencies. Established by President Clinton in 1996, PECASE recognizes scientists and engineers who show exceptional potential for leadership early in their research careers. 

The award recognizes innovative and far-reaching developments in science and technology, expands awareness of careers in science and engineering, recognizes the scientific missions of participating agencies, enhances connections between research and impacts on society, and highlights the importance of science and technology for our nation’s future.

The White House website reported the names of all 400 awardees, explaining that "From Day One of his Administration, President Biden has recognized the important role that science and technology plays in creating a better society. He made historic progress, increasing federally funded research and development and deploying past research and development at an unprecedented scale through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, the Inflation Reduction Act, and the CHIPS and Science Act."

“I am honored to have received this award,” said Anderegg upon learning of the announcement in mid-January. “As I look over the names and institutions of the other recipients I am struck by the breadth and depth of scientific talent in the U.S. I am humbled to be among them.”

“Bill is thoroughly deserving of this prestigious recognition,” said the U’s College of Science Dean Peter Trapa. “As one of the world’s leading forest ecologists and climate scientists, his research has advanced our understanding of the most important environmental issues of our time.  His leadership of the Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy has amplified the impact of scientific research at the U – including his own – through actionable recommendations to government and industry leaders. ” 

Anderegg’s nomination along with 111 other awardees were recommended by the National Science Foundation. "These honorees embody the excellence and innovation that drive STEM education and research forward," said NSF Director Sethuraman Panchanathan. "We are proud to support these educators and scientists whose transformative work inspires students, cultivates a passion for learning and advances the frontiers of discovery. Notably, two of this year's PECASE honorees, Anderegg and Melanie Matchett-Wood, are former winners of the NSF Alan T. Waterman Award, underscoring their exceptional contributions to science and engineering.”

Joining Anderegg in this prestigious recognition from the University of Utah are Amir Arzani, Kate Isaacs, Ryan Stutsman, and Ben Wang Philips from the College of Engineering, who were also honored with PECASE awards this year

This year’s awardees are employed or funded by 14 participating agencies within the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Interior, Transportation, and Veterans Affairs and the Environmental Protection Agency, the intelligence community, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution.

The U is a leader in science and technology education

U a Leader in Science & Tech Education


January 21, 2025
Above: Peter Trapa

The University of Utah is a global leader in science and technology education, research and development and leading these endeavors is Peter Trapa, dean of the College of Science.

He has previously served as the chair of Department of Physics and Astronomy and prior to that, the chair of the Department of Mathematics at the U.

In addition to overseeing these departments, Trapa has also been involved in the Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy and is the founder of the Science Research Initiative. He talks about the college, their programs and amazing opportunities for students.

Here he talks with KPCW's Cool Science Radio co-hosts Lynn Ware Peek and Kate Mullaly on how STEM disciplines in the College of Science and beyond have elevated the state's flagship university into a national reputation for science and technology education.

Listen to the podcast here.

Technology for oxidizing atmospheric methane?

tech for oxidizing atmospheric methane?


January 21, 2025
Above: Atmospheric instrumentation on the roof of the Browning Building, University of Utah.

As the atmosphere continues to fill with greenhouse gases from human activities, many proposals have surfaced to “geoengineer” climate-saving solutions, that is, alter the atmosphere at a global scale to either reduce the concentrations of carbon or mute its warming effect.

One recent proposal seeks to infuse the atmosphere with hydrogen peroxide, insisting that it would both oxidize methane (CH4), an extremely potent greenhouse gas while improving air quality.

Too good to be true?

Jessica Haskins. Credit Todd Anderson

Alfred Mayhew. Credit Todd Anderson

University of Utah atmospheric scientists Alfred Mayhew and Jessica Haskins were skeptical, so they set out to test the claims behind this proposal. Their results, published on Jan. 3, confirm their doubts and offer a reality check to agencies considering such proposals as a way to stave off climate change.

“Our work showed that the efficiency of the proposed technology was quite low, meaning widespread adoption of the technology would be required to make any meaningful impact on atmospheric CH4,” said Mayhew, a postdoctoral researcher with the U’s Wilkes Center for Climate Science & Policy. “Then, our results indicate that if this technology is adopted at scale, then we start to see some negative air-quality side effects, particularly for wintertime particulate matter air pollution.”

To conduct the study, the Utah scientists modeled what would happen if you deployed the technology patented by a Canadian company, which is proposing to spray aerosolized hydrogen peroxide, or H₂O₂, into the atmosphere during daylight hours from 600-meter towers. These towers would approach the height of the world’s tallest radio towers.

Read the full article by Brian Maffly in @ TheU.
This story also appeared in Space Daily, Eureka Alert, Science Blog. and Securities.io.

 

Why mobile farm technology won the 2024 Wilkes Climate Launch Prize

How mobile farm technology won the 2024 Wilkes Prize


January 7, 2025
Above: Applied Carbon’s pyrolyzer. PHOTO CREDIT: Applied Carbon

A Texas company, winner of the 2024 Wilkes Climate Prize, aims to develop technology to create 'biochar' as a soil additive that could benefit farmers.

This story is jointly published by nonprofits Amplify Utah and The Salt Lake Tribune to elevate diverse perspectives in local media through student journalism.

A "pyrolizer," a machine that can apply high heat without oxygen to crop waste and create a soil additive called biochar, dumps loads of the substance into bags. Applied Carbon, a Texas startup, has received a $500,000 prize from the U's Wilkes Center to develop the technology as a way to store carbon. Credit: Applied Carbon

The stalks and husks of corn plants — the waste product left by combine harvesters — could be a key tool in the fight against climate change, and the University of Utah is putting up $500,000 to test the idea.

The U.’s Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy recently awarded its half-million-dollar Wilkes Climate Launch Prize to Applied Carbon, a Texas-based startup.

Applied Carbon won the prize for its mobile farm technology, which turns crop waste into a soil additive that decreases the need for fertilizer and stores the remaining carbon in the earth’s soil.

William Anderegg, director of the Wilkes Center, said one of the main selling points of Applied Carbon’s technology is its potential to be made for scale.

“The scalability is very exciting, and you can see a path for them to really scale up across many different agricultural fields in the next couple of years,” he said.

The crop waste is produced when combine harvesters sail through tall corn fields, their rotating blades slicing through the stalks, filtering them into the machine’s mouth, where its spinning cylinders rip the corn kernels from the husk and stems. The combine saves the kernels of corn in its body and spits out the stalk and husk remnants, leaving it to waste on the flattened field.

The prize, one of the largest university-run climate prizes in the world, was created in 2023 to help jump-start promising climate solution ideas. At a September reception in partnership with the Southwest Sustainability Innovation Engine, Anderegg awarded the prize money to Jason Aramburu, Applied Carbon’s CEO and co-founder.

At the reception, Aramburu said that “as a startup company … there’s often a funding gap, particularly in this sector, to get your technology to market.” He later added that the prize money will help the company produce more of their biochar machines and get them into the field.

Applied Carbon now has four mobile pyrolizers, a machine that can reach high temperatures without oxygen, and the company will apply the prize money to its field operations in Texas, Aramburu said. These operations, he said, work in partnership with the U.S. Department of Agriculture through the Natural Resources Conservation Service.

“We’ve got about 4,000 acres of corn that we’re working with. We will test our equipment [in Texas] and also test how effective the biochar is on the soil,” he said.

The yield and soil chemistry testing, Aramburu said, will determine if the process works and to measure the impact of the technology. The project, in its first multi-season trial run, is expected to remove 100,000 tons of carbon from the atmosphere by 2026, he said.

Biochar, a charcoal-like substance derived from biomass waste, is made through pyrolysis, a heat-driven process that uses virtually no oxygen and stores carbon in the waste product, according to Utah State University. Biochar, Anderegg added, is promising as a nature-based tool for fighting climate change because its carbon storage is stable and lasts hundreds of years.

“By contrast, a huge number of companies and governments are interested in tree planting, … but forests are at increasing risk from fire and drought and climate change,” he said. “We really worry about planting trees in one area that may be dead in 10 to 20 years.”

By Giovanni Radtke

 

You can read the full story for free at Amplify or with a subscription in the Salt Lake Tribune.

 

 

2024 Clarivate’s Most Cited

Bill Anderegg, Highly Cited Researcher 2024


December 9, 2024
Above: William Anderegg at the One-U Responsible AI inaugural symposium in September. Courtesy of @The U.

Highly Cited Researchers have demonstrated significant and broad influence in their field(s) of research.

William Anderegg, associate professor in the School of Biological Sciences and director of the Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy has again been selected as one of Clarivate's Highly Cited Researchers for 2024. Each researcher selected has authored multiple Highly Cited Papers™ which rank in the top 1% by citations for their field(s) and publication year in the Web of Science™ over the past decade.

Citation activity, however, is not the sole selection indicator. This list, based on citation activity is then refined using qualitative analysis and expert judgment as the global analytics company observes for evidence of community-wide recognition from an international and wide-ranging network of citing authors.

Of the world’s population of scientists and social scientists, Highly Cited Researchers are 1 in 1,000.

“As the need for high-quality data from rigorously selected sources is becoming ever more important,"  says David Pendlebury, Head of Research Analysis at the Institute for Scientific Information at Clarivate, "we have adapted and responded to technological advances and shifts in the publishing landscape. Just as we have applied stringent standards and transparent selection criteria to identify trusted journals in the Web of Science™, we continue to refine our evaluation and selection policies for our annual Highly Cited Researchers™ program to address the challenges of an increasingly complex and polluted scholarly record.”

According to the Clarivate's website, "The Highly Cited Researchers 2024 list identifies and celebrates individuals who have demonstrated significant and broad influence in their fields of research. Through rigorous selection criteria and comprehensive analysis, we recognize researchers whose exceptional and community-wide contributions shape the future of science, technology and academia globally."

"This program also emphasizes our commitment to research integrity. Our evaluation and selection process continues to evolve with filters to address hyper-authorship, excessive self-citation, anomalous citation patterns and more, ensuring that recognized researchers meet the benchmarks we require for this program."

Exploring the "global landscape of top-tier research talent," they continue, "provides us with insights on global research and innovation trends."

This year Clarivate™ awarded 6,886 Highly Cited Researcher designations to 6,636 individuals. Some researchers have been recognized in more than one Essential Science Indicators™ (ESI) field, resulting in more designations than individual awardees. This analysis, which includes the distribution of designations across nations and institutions, reflects the impact of these 6,886 appearances, distributed across fields, in accordance with the size of each.

While the sole researcher from the College of Science this year to be honored with the designation, Anderegg, one of three at the University of Utah, was the only one at the U to appear in two categories, Plant & Animal Science and Environment & Ecology.

This table summarizes the number of researcher designations by field of research and the cross-field category.

One-U Responsible AI

William-Anderegg

Anderegg is also the executive committee member who leads the One-U Responsible AI’s environmental working group. The group’s members bring their diverse expertise to establish ethical policy, explore AI’s impact on society and the environment, and develop responsible methods for using AI to improve climate research.

“Our goal of this working group is to put together a vision and a mission about responsibly developing and using AI to address human environmental challenges across scales to promote resilience and foster sustainable development,” said Anderegg at the group's inaugural symposium this past September. “AI could have an enormous negative impact on the environment itself. There are direct impacts for the cost of running AI—the power and water needed to run the massive data centers, and the greenhouse gas emissions that result. Then there are indirect challenges—misinformation, polarization, and increasing demands on the power grid. At the same time, there are another set of opportunities in using AI to tackle the marginal problems in forecasting and grid rewarding systems.”

The working group’s vision is to utilize AI to bolster our resilience to climate change with collaboration, training, technology, and ethical governance.

“The University of Utah is set to engage in these two focal areas of developing sustainable AI—how we use AI in a manner that minimizes environmental impact and maximizes long-term sustainability? Then, how do we harness AI for environmental resilience challenges?” Anderegg noted.

This is the second year in a row that Anderegg has made the Highly Cited Researcher list. With his mentor, biology professor emeritus John Sperry, the two were honored in the 2023 cohort. The two of them worked closely together, publishing multiple papers over the course of about six years in the areas of plant hydrology and forest stress. Their research is an auspicious example of how, in the tradition of peer-reviewed research, scientists routinely stand on the shoulders of others to move forward human understanding.

You can link to selected publications by Bill Anderegg here


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AI: The Promise and Peril for the Planet

AI: The Promise and Peril for the Planet


Dec 04, 2024
Above: The AI image was generated using DALL·E.

For the past few decades, we have lived in the “Digital Age.” Now, we are stepping into a new one — the Age of AI.

While artificial intelligence (AI) has existed in primitive forms since the 1950s, it has now advanced to a readily accessible and ubiquitous state. Browser-based programs like ChatGPT are well-known, but they represent only a small portion of the scope, demands, capabilities and consequences of AI.

At its inaugural symposium last September at the University of Utah, the One-U Responsible AI Initiative invited over two hundred attendees, including researchers, university faculty, government officials, and industry leaders, to discuss the role and responsible usage of AI. Three key issues were addressed at the first panel of the symposium; the environmental impacts of AI, the dangers of AI-generated misinformation, and the application of AI for wildfire forecasting, an issue that poses challenges for the West’s electrical grid.

Resilience and sustainability

William Anderegg, director of the U-based Wilkes Center for Climate Science & Policy, is the executive committee member who leads the One-U RAI’s environmental working group. The group’s members bring their diverse expertise to establish ethical policy, explore AI’s impact on society and the environment, and develop responsible methods for using AI to improve climate research.

The working group’s vision is to utilize AI to bolster our resilience to climate change with collaboration, training, technology, and ethical governance.

AI for wildfire forecasting

Researchers, including Derek Mallia, research assistant professor of atmospheric sciences, have also utilized AI to forecast wildfires and its hazardous smoke.

“When you think of extreme weather, you think of hurricanes, tornadoes and so on. But one of the biggest causes of mortality is actually poor air quality,” said Mallia. “Wildfires cause a degradation in air quality during the summer, and these effects are becoming more widespread. We’re not just seeing smoke across the western U.S., but also in areas that traditionally don’t see a lot of wildfire smoke—parts of NewYork, for example.”

Read the full article by Ethan Hood in @TheU.

The Universal Connection

The Universal Connection


October 10, 2024
Above: Sara Warix

“One of the things I love about hydrology is that it’s something that everybody has a connection to,” says Sara Warix. “We all consume it every day, we’re all impacted by the weather, many of us use it for work or play. However far you get into the weeds of geochemistry or physics, you can always connect water back to people.”

#8 Warix (with ball) about to make a goal.

Warix has been fascinated by our dependence on water from an early age. An avid swimmer born and raised in Sacramento, it was commonplace for wildfire smoke to cancel her practices. This irony fascinated her: to jump into a large pool of water and be forced to get out due to a lack of water to fight those fires. This dynamic captured her curiosity and established the watery track of her education moving forward. She did her undergrad at the University of Pacific, continued her education at Idaho State, and culminated in a PhD in Hydrologic Science and Engineering from the Colorado School of Mines. The flow of this journey has now led to a Department of Geology & Geophysics faculty position here at the University of Utah.

Drawn to the dynamic relationship our region has with water dependency (as well as the bike trails and ski slopes!), Warix's field of research focuses on understanding headwater streams. Headwater streams are supported by upwelling groundwater before they flow into larger rivers that source downstream water supply. When asked as to their importance, Warix explains, “As the quantity and quality of water in headwater streams change, they carry those effects into the downgradient streams. Upstream changes in water quality are going to be mirrored in the downstream water quality.” An example given is that headwater stream drying frequency is expected to increase as climate alters precipitation patterns and increases temperature warming. As more headwater streams dry, there are going to be impacts on the downstream water resources that they feed into, but the severity of drying on downstream water resources is unknown.

Warix, right, collecting water samples from a tributary to the Upper Snake River, June 2024. Credit: Wyoming Public Radio

Such studies are critical, as the impacts of climate change on stream chemistry are difficult to capture in climate change models. Climate change impacts on stream and groundwater chemistry are convoluted, hidden in the subsurface and vary regionally. More pressingly, the lack of understanding of these impacts has led to a dearth of policy protections regarding drying streams. As such there is a ticking timer to deepen this understanding and to motivate a better protection of these systems. Many faculty at the U are currently working on this topic and Warix, as assistant professor, now joins them in their pursuits.

In addition to research, Warix will also begin teaching next semester, and in both roles she brings a uniquely valuable perspective. Co-mentored by Alexis Navarre-Sitchler and Kamini Singha, a geochemist and geophysicist respectively, Warix had to learn how to view and explain her research through multiple scientific lenses and to meet one mentor on their level while also learning how to “translate” their expertise to the other. Such experience with scientific communication is vital and will surely assist in explaining these concepts to students in kind.

Whether teaching, playing, or dominating the U’s water polo team in 2022, Warix’s life has always been connected to water. In a way, this is the headwater stream of her teaching career. With the skills she’s brought to the surface, she’ll surely carry those skills downstream to the students that need them. 

by Michael Jacobsen