Accessibility Menu
Press ctrl + / to access this menu.

Equations on ice

Equations on Ice


October 31, 2025
Above: Nash Ward, an undergraduate student in mathematics, drilling his first sea ice core. Credit: Nash Ward

A trip to the Arctic tests mathematical models.

Understanding the intersection of mathematics, physics, biology and environmental science often requires stepping outside of the classroom and into the natural world. For Jody Reimer, assistant professor in the Department of Mathematics and the School of Biological Sciences, and Ken Golden, distinguished professor in the Department of mathematics and adjunct professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering, this means venturing out into the Arctic where they can study how the physical environment affects life in and on the ice with the help of mathematical models.

In May of 2024, Golden and Reimer co-led a field research trip to Utqiaġvik, Alaska. Though a fairly regular excursion, especially for Golden who has had 19 excursions to the frozen poles of our world, this one was special. The researchers were accompanied by a varied team of mathematics students ranging from high schoolers to Ph.D. candidates, providing them invaluable hands-on experience in the unique and extreme conditions of the Arctic ecosystem. It was an opportunity to test mathematical models and field techniques. It was also a rare chance for students to develop a deeper understanding of polar research.

On the ice

Reimer focuses on how changes in sea ice impact polar bear and seal populations and how these animals respond to those changes. She is also fascinated by the microbes that inhabit the ice itself and the adaptations that allow them to survive in such a harsh environment. Golden’s research focuses on the complex multiscale physical properties of the ice, from modeling macroscale ice floe dynamics down to calculating the porosity and permeability of its microscale brine inclusions. Together, Reimer and Golden are exploring the complex interplay between physics and biology.

This interplay goes far deeper than one might expect, as Golden is able to make ties from astrobiology to military stealth technology and everything in between. He eagerly explains that “The math doesn’t care! It cross-pollinates all over the place. The same mathematics we use to analyze how algae get nutrients from the brine phase can be used to monitor the onset and progress of osteoporosis in human bone!”

This interdisciplinary work is why mathematics research is so critically important. It discovers patterns and correlations that ripple across the scientific community, providing the best possible tools to make new breakthroughs.

Reimer holding a freshly extracted ice core.

The 2024 outing was the largest field team ever led by Golden and Reimer’s first time leading a field research expedition. Because of this, organizing the trip proved to be both a complex task and a valuable learning experience. There was the logistical planning and coordination with university legal teams since students were being introduced to harsh conditions which necessitated every safety protocol possible. The group also needed to acquire land use permits from the local Iñupiat groups of indigenous peoples. Students played a hands-on role in this process, packing equipment and troubleshooting issues in the field. Working with the Barrow Arctic Research Center (BARC), which provided accommodations and some logistical support, the stars were aligned to allow for a successful expedition.

Moving so much equipment across the ice had to be done carefully, especially with the occasional polar bear stopping by to say hello. Once out in the field, these mathematicians braved the Arctic cold in springtime — wind chill dropped to as low as 20° below 0 F on their first day — to carry out experiments linking their mathematical models to real-world observations.

Watching math students immerse themselves in field research was one of Reimer’s favorite parts of the trip. She has earlier explained that “Mathematics isn’t relegated to the realm of puzzles and isolated problems. There’s fundamental and deep connections that affect all regions of life.” Research like this perfectly demonstrates these connections, reinforcing her belief in the value of interdisciplinary integration as a crucial step in advancing applied mathematics.

Microscopic view of ice algae

This integration is especially relevant in the modern day with the advancement of technology which was a major feature of this trip as new programs and equipment could finally be tested. One such highlight was a tool called a PlanktoScope, an open-source and portable imaging device that allows researchers to analyze microbial life in sea ice samples.

More affordable than traditional flow microscopy equipment, this tool allows for broader access to high-quality image data collection. In Reimer’s lab, she and her students have since been analyzing the living organisms in the frozen samples they brought back from the Arctic. A few of these scientists are taking that technological integration a step further, processing the resulting images using AI-based tools that help sort and analyze thousands of microscopic snapshots of life hidden in the ice.

The trip’s success underscores the importance of hands-on fieldwork in mathematical research. Measurements that were collected align with the existing literature and will serve as pilot data for future projects and funding proposals. By blending mathematical modeling with empirical observation, students and faculty alike gain valuable insights into complex environmental systems.

Golden and Reimer have been analyzing the data they collected in the Arctic for a year now and are well on their way planning the next expedition. “We’re laying the groundwork for a broader suite of physical measurements, and ramping up on the biological side of things,” says Golden. This expands on their findings and further explores the intricate relationships between ice, living beings, and the rapidly changing polar marine environment.

Funding for this trip was provided by the National Science Foundation through the Applied Math Research Training Grant. The agency provided funding for two trips with the second planned for next year. And, thanks to the work that’s been done so far, this follow-up expedition is shaping up to be something truly special.

by Izabella Bourland and Michael Jacobsen

This is the cover story of Aftermath, the official publication of the Department of Mathematics at the University of Utah.

Aftermath 2025

Aftermath 2025


Common Ground 2024

2024 edition of Common Ground, magazine for the Department of Mining Engineering.

Read More
Spectrum 2024

2024 edition of Spectrum, official magazine for Physics & Astronomy

Read More
Down to Earth 2024

The 2024 edition of Down to Earth, official magazine for the Dept of Geology & Geophysics.

Read More
Our DNA 2024

The 2024 edition of Our DNA, official magazine for the U School of Biological Sciences.

Read More
Catalyst 2024

The 2024 edition of Catalyst, official magazine for the U Department of Chemistry

Read More
Air Currents 2024

The 2024 edition of Air Currents, magazine for the U Department of Atmospheric Sciences

Read More
Synthesis 2024

SRI inaugural cohort, the U in biotech and stories from throughout the College of Science

Read More
Aftermath 2024

The official magazine of the U Department of Mathematics.

Read More
Spectrum 2023

The official magazine of the U Department of Physics & Astronomy.

Read More
Common Ground 2023

The official magazine of the U Department of Mining Engineering.

Read More
Down to Earth 2023

The official magazine of the U Department of Geology & Geophysics.

Read More
Our DNA 2023

The official magazine of the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Utah.

Read More
Catalyst 2023

The official magazine of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Utah.

Read More
Synthesis 2023

Wilkes Center, Applied Science Project and stories from throughout the merged College.

Read More
Aftermath Summer 2023

Anna Tang Fulbright Scholar, Tommaso de Fernex new chair, Goldwater Scholars, and more.

Read More
Air Currents 2023

Celebrating 75 Years, The Great Salt Lake, Alumni Profiles, and more.

Read More
Spectrum 2022

Explosive neutron stars, Utah meteor, fellows of APS, and more.

Read More
Aftermath 2022

Arctic adventures, moiré magic, Christopher Hacon, and more.

Read More
Our DNA 2022

Chan Yul Yoo, Sarmishta Diraviam Kannan, and more.

Read More
Spectrum 2022

Black Holes, Student Awards, Research Awards, LGBT+ physicists, and more.

Read More
Aftermath 2022

Student awards, Faculty Awards, Fellowships, and more.

Read More
Our DNA 2022

Erik Jorgensen, Mark Nielsen, alumni George Seifert, new faculty, and more.

Read More
Notebook 2022

Student stories, NAS members, alumni George Seifert, and Convocation 2022.

Read More
Discover 2021

Biology, Chemistry, Math, and Physics Research, SRI Update, New Construction.

Read More
Our DNA 2021

Multi-disciplinary research, graduate student success, and more.

Read More
Aftermath 2021

Sound waves, student awards, distinguished alumni, convocation, and more.

Read More
Spectrum 2021

New science building, faculty awards, distinguished alumni, and more.

Read More
Notebook 2021

Student awards, distinguished alumni, convocation, and more.

Read More
Spectrum 2021

Student awards, distinguished alumni, convocation, and more.

Read More
Aftermath 2021

Sound waves, student awards, distinguished alumni, convocation, and more.

Read More
Our DNA 2021

Plant pandemics, birdsong, retiring faculty, and more.

Read More
Discover 2020

Biology, Chemistry, Math, and Physics Research, Overcoming Covid, Lab Safety.

Read More
AfterMath 2020

50 Years of Math, Sea Ice, and Faculty and Staff recognition.

Read More
Our DNA 2020

E-birders, retiring faculty, remote learning, and more.

Read More
Spectrum 2020

3D maps of the Universe, Perovskite Photovoltaics, and Dynamic Structure in HIV.

Read More
Notebook 2020

Convocation, Alumni, Student Success, and Rapid Response Research.

Read More
Our DNA 2020

Stories on Fruit Flies, Forest Futures and Student Success.

Read More
Catalyst 2020

Transition to Virtual, 2020 Convocation, Graduate Spotlights, and Awards.

Read More
Spectrum 2020

Nuclear Medicine, PER Programs, and NSF grant for Quantum Idea Incubator.

Read More
Discover 2019

Science Research Initiative, College Rankings, Commutative Algebra, and more.

Read More
Spectrum 2019

Nuclear Medicine, PER Programs, and NSF grant for Quantum Idea Incubator.

Read More
Notebook 2019

The New Faces of Utah Science, Churchill Scholars, and Convocation 2019.

Read More
Catalyst 2019

Endowed Chairs of Chemistry, Curie Club, and alumnus: Victor Cee.

Read More
Our DNA 2019

Ants of the World, CRISPR Scissors, and Alumni Profile - Nikhil Bhayani.

Read More
Catalyst 2019

Methane-Eating Bacteria, Distinguished Alumni, Student and Alumni profiles.

Read More
Spectrum 2019

Featured: Molecular Motors, Churchill Scholar, Dark Matter, and Black Holes.

Read More
Our DNA 2019

Featured: The Startup Life, Monica Gandhi, Genomic Conflicts, and alumna Jeanne Novak.

Read More
AfterMath 2018

Featured: A Love for Puzzles, Math & Neuroscience, Number Theory, and AMS Fellows.

Read More
Discover 2018

The 2018 Research Report for the College of Science.

Read More
Spectrum 2018

Featured: Dark Matter, Spintronics, Gamma Rays and Improving Physics Teaching.

Read More
Catalyst 2018

Featured: Ming Hammond, Jack & Peg Simons Endowed Professors, Martha Hughes Cannon.

Read More

Seismology meets botany

Seismology meets botany


October 28, 2025
Above:Saguaro at Arizona’s Organ Pipe National Park. Photo credit: Brian Maffly.

Towering structures must be able to bend and sway when subjected to the forces of wind and ground movement, or they will topple, whether it’s a building, a geological formation, tree—or even a cactus.

 

Especially if that cactus is a lofty saguaro, or Carnegiea gigantea, those iconic denizens of the American Southwest.

Jeff Moore

Jeff Moore, a University of Utah geologist specializing in geohazard assessment, grew up in the heart of saguaro country in Arizona. In his most recent research, he repurposed his geophysical toolbox for studying rock formations to analyze the dynamic properties of saguaro and how these giants respond to vibrations in their environment.

This detour into botany applied vibration analysis Moore developed for southern Utah’s natural arches, bridges and towers in completely new ways that could help scientists better understand  the structural properties of large, water-storing plants without harming them.

“Saguaros have always been in my life,” Moore said. “These cacti have really strong cultural value and that helps motivate a scientific study.” Saguaro are keystone species of the Sonoran Desert. They grow up to 70 feet tall and hundreds of years old. “There’s an ingrained culture of respect for these great cacti.”

His study, published last week in the American Journal of Botany introduces a new, noninvasive way to measure how living saguaro respond to transient disturbances, such as wind and ground movements, without defacing these beautiful giants. He put the techniques to work on 11 cacti of varying heights in the Tucson Mountains outside his eponymous hometown.

By analyzing these “ambient vibrations,” Moore was able to determine each cactus’s natural resonance frequencies, or the specific rates at which they sway, and how their flexibility and stiffness change with height, time of day and water content.

Saguaro’s range extends from central Arizona to the Mexican state of Sonora. They grow slowly, with branches appearing after around 60 to 75 years. Their pleated trunks are covered in a thick, pliable skin armored with 2-inch spines.

“Saguaros are unique in that their morphology allows them to expand, to take up great quantities of water when it’s available during monsoons and withstand periods of drought,” Moore said. In a time-lapse video, their stems can be seen swelling as they draw water, which would presumably alter their resonance frequencies.

Moore was visiting family in Arizona when it dawned on him that he should apply his vibration-measuring methods to characterize the mechanical properties of the towering cacti. Tucson Mountain Park gave him permission to conduct research at Pima County’s 20,000-acre preserve adjacent to Saguaro National Park. He spent a day rigging a light-weight seismometer to 10 cacti, selecting a representative sample in terms of height. All were single-column saguaro, known as “spears.”

“It was really important to be able to compare them, these so-called spears, as they’re called when they don’t have arms. The smallest was about two feet tall, and the tallest was nearly 25 feet.” The seismometer was gently hung from each stem using a strap at about chest height.

He recorded just 15 minutes of seismic data on each cactus, which showed their resonance frequencies ranged from 0.55 to 3.7 Hz, with damping ratios between 1 and 2%. (Hertz, or Hz, is a standard unit of frequency, defined as the number of times an object completes an oscillation each second. The damping ratio indicates how quickly oscillations taper off following a disturbance.)

The study found each saguaros’ resonance and stiffness varied widely across the height of its column. Generally, they were stiffer near the bottom and more flexible at the top.

“Saguaros vibrate much like a cantilever, but with some interesting differences,” Moore wrote on Bluesky. “Stiffness varies between cacti (taller stems are stiffer), and for a single stem (taller stems have softer tops).”

Read the full story by Brian Maffly in @ The U.

SRI Streams in Museum Research

SRI Streams in museum Research


October 22, 2025
Above: SRI research streams lower barriers for first- and second-year students to experience science firsthand, fostering a culture of discovery and collaboration earlier in their academic journey.

There’s a special kind of camaraderie among the student body at a university. Bound by similar goals and shared anxieties, students have an unspoken agreement to fumble and succeed together.

This collective drive has the power to push discovery forward—but when paired with the resources and mentorship of institutions like the Natural History Museum of Utah (NHMU), it can truly flourish.

Joining the Current

Zoe Kitson attempting to check results from PCR for the first time.

I recently met two University of Utah students — Isabella Calhoun and Zoe Kitson — who are among the 12 being mentored this semester by Postdoctoral Researcher Fellow Susana Velasquez-Franco. I found them in the Museum’s mycology lab, mid-battle with an extremely intricate process called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This method is used to amplify DNA segments to generate enough material for thorough study. Using multi-channel pipetting for the first time, Isabella and Zoe were attempting to use PCR to create copies of extracted ancient environmental DNA (sedaDNA) from a genuine set of Museum samples. The samples were collected last year from the Cerro Machín Volcano in Colombia by Velasquez-Franco and NHMU Curator of Botany Mitchell Power, and they contain a more-than-3,600-year-old, organic-rich record called gyttja. A gyttja record is a rare and valuable find! This was the moment I managed to walk into — a time when concentration was critical and stakes felt high.

Calhoun and Kitson are just beginning to gain lab experience in genetics and were understandably nervous about working with original samples — a sentiment shared by many students. However, they expressed their excitement for being immersed in and contributing to veritable experimental research.

Students from a wide range of academic disciplines can engage with Museum research through two main avenues: the University’s College of Science program, Science Research Initiative (SRI), or their home department, committing a minimum of 5 – 10 hours a week to active research. Both Calhoun and Kitson are engaged in Velasquez-Franco’s SRI Lake’s Memory research stream. Each stream is a focused scientific study for first- and second-year students, led by a university mentor and funded by SRI. Velasquez-Franco’s stream, jointly supported by SRI and NHMU, has transformed the Museum’s biology and paleoecology labs into research classrooms, giving students hands-on experience while advancing her work on the Cerro Machín record.

Channeling Curiosity

Zoe Kitson (a former student) with another student and Susana Velasquez-Franco opening and subsampling the Cerro Machín wetland record in the Clean Ancient DNA Lab on campus.

The stream centers on one big question: how has the biodiversity in volcanic landscapes in the Andes recovered after being impacted by volcanic and climatic-driven disturbances? Students are helping to uncover the answer as they learn to gather and analyze data and apply those results to the real world—and they’re tackling big projects as they do so! They are reconstructing wildfire history using records from volcanic wetlands, tracing biodiversity through ancient environmental DNA found in sedimentary cores, and analyzing chemical makeups of ancient volcanic ash deposits. The latter being the more complex and potentially dangerous task, requiring precise chemistry and strict safety protocols. “It’s quite risky work, but you can see their joy,” states Velasquez-Franco.

For students, the benefits extend far beyond technical training. A research stream offers an early glimpse into the realities of science, with all its ups and downs — an opportunity typically reserved for juniors and seniors. It pushes students outside of their comfort zones earlier in their career, helping them build confidence, strengthen problem-solving skills, and fuel their curiosity. Plus, with the program’s emphasis on collaboration, students are not only learning alongside their peers but also finding community among them. Thanks to NHMU’s interdisciplinary nature, they likewise connect and collaborate with several experts across fields; this stream alone involves botanists, mycologists, paleoecologists, and geochemists. These cross-disciplinary connections enrich students’ understanding of science and may help them discover where they belong within it.

Mitchell Power and Susana Velasquez-Franco coring Laguna de San Diego in November 2024.

Along the way, their work is contributing to current-day discoveries. What Calhoun and Kitson are doing with ancient environmental DNA is a growing area of research. There are many who are attempting various methods of extracting sedaDNA, trying to overcome the challenges of DNA contamination and degradation. Susana attempted this twice before with little success. However, when she cored the Cerro Machín wetland, what she found surprised her: “My mind was blown — you can pull complete plants out of the core, even if they are over 1,000 years old!”  Using this new gyttja record, which promised richer data, she refined her approach with the help of NHMU Curator of Mycology Bryn Dentinger, who has experience with the specialized methods and equipment she needed. She then invited students to join in, turning the labs into a buzzing hub. This type of project demands significant resources — equipment, samples, and funding — that are rarely accessible outside of an established institution like NHMU. For students, it’s a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, and they’re thrilled to be a part of it.

The energy these students bring to the lab is contagious. Velasquez-Franco has been working at the Museum for seven years, and this is the first time she’s seen the labs so alive. These students are working side by side every day — trying, failing, learning, and succeeding together. This is where discovery flourishes.

Read the full story by Cosette Reeves at NHMU.

Joy of simple experiments leads to impact

Joy of Simple Experiments leads to impact


October 29, 2025
Above: Jamie Gagnon

“I hope our research is valuable because some of the specific insights we make might ultimately help us think about treatments for humans,” says newly announced University of Utah Presidential Scholar Jamie Gagnon. “But I think our greatest impact will be sharing the joy of scientific discovery with the world and helping them see the joy of simple experiments.”

One of three scholars announced October 29, 2025 by U President Taylor Randall, Gagnon is Associate Professor in the School of Biological Sciences and a former recipient of the Mario Capecchi Endowed Chair. The other two are biochemist Katsu Funai and Lauren Barth-Cohen, associate professor in educational psychology and adjunct associate professor in the Department of Physics & Astronomy in the College of Science.

“What connects this year’s Presidential Scholar cohort is their commitment to turning research into real-world impact,” says Randall. “Whether uncovering how zebrafish heal, how our metabolism adapts to modern life or how science is learned, each of these scholars is advancing knowledge and discovery with the power to change lives.”

The esteemed cohort of awardees has been given this honor because of their exceptional potential and significant contributions to scholarship, education and outreach at the U.

“Our Presidential Scholars embody the spirit of curiosity and collaboration that defines the U,” says Bob Carter, MD, CEO for U of U Health and executive vice president for health sciences. “Their work not only deepens our understanding of human health and learning but also paves the way for innovations that will improve lives across Utah and beyond.”

This award is accompanied by $10,000 in funding, provided by an anonymous donor, each year for three years. Recipients can use these funds at their own discretion to support their scholarly, teaching and/or outreach activities. The U hopes that this will recognize the achievements of mid-career faculty, support efforts to further their research missions and enhance retention.

Gagnon is interested in learning how animals change as they grow, age and face challenges in their environment. Using the zebrafish as a model organism, he manipulates their genes, cells and environments to better learn how vertebrates function when faced with specific problems, such as injury, aging and infection. He runs the Gagnon Lab, which employs students who get to conduct projects of their own. Recently, one of those students conducted research that led to the lab discovering how zebrafish create their own sunscreen to protect themselves from harmful UV radiation—a skill Gagnon hypothesized has been lost in mammals.

“I am proud of these scholars and the work they do to learn more about issues that impact our community,” Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs Mitzi Montoya said. “Their findings can help us build a brighter, healthier future.”

Adapted from the announcement by Emma Campbell - Communications Specialist, Office of the Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs

SRI Stories: Tiny Subjects, Mitey Impacts

SRI Stories: Tiny Subjects, Mitey Impacts


October 29, 2025
Above: Richard Clark

To those outside the loop, the importance of scientific studies into topics like rocks, insects and other abundant everyday objects may seem small.

But such studies are among the most critical to pursue. Something common enough to have daily effects is, well, having daily effects! In the case of plant-herbivore biologist Richard Clark the subject is spider mites, miniscule creatures that have colossal effects on our agricultural industry.

Clocking in at a measly half a millimeter in length, these unassuming arthropods are everywhere around us. That’s not an exaggeration, as Clark explains that “I could probably go to any neighborhood or agriculture area in Utah and find them in 20 minutes.” You can probably find the effect of their presence in a short time as well. Their mosquito-esque draining of a plant’s nutrients leaves noticeable white splotches on the plants they feed off, a clear sign that a crop plant’s days are numbered. And some mites that are related to spider mites take further inspiration from mosquitos by carrying and spreading plant viruses. As small as they are, spider mites and their relatives can drastically reduce crop yields even if they don’t kill the plants outright.

Clark’s interest in this important research grew from humble roots: an interest in bird watching springing into the academic study of life sciences, where he became attracted to molecular biology. This would eventually lead to the study of herbivorous arthropods, whose adaptations to plants are a challenge to untangle at the molecular and genetic levels. Most plants produce some type of toxin to discourage herbivores from eating them, but with their short reproductive cycles mites can often adapt to the toxins thrown their way. This causes quite a few problems when trying to deter them from eating crops, as the line between what destroys the mites and what damages everything else is very small.

But that’s where Clark’s SRI stream, Genomics of Spider Mite Host Adaptation, has proven so useful. He and his students scour the genomes of several species of mites to try and uncover which of their chemosensory receptor genes recognize the plants they can feed and grow on. Identifying such receptors could lead to the potential of blocking them, deterring them from certain plants altogether as they can no longer recognize them. And as those plants would be allowed to flourish, so too are the students studying them, acquiring skills useful for biology, biotech, science communication and everything in between. 

Like so many areas of science, from DNA to viruses to Clark’s spider mites, it’s imperative to remember that the size of the subject models does not reflect the importance of understanding them. They may be small, but progress in the fields of this research will have mighty impacts on the world around us.

By Michael Jacobsen

SRI Stories is a series by the College of Science, intended to share transformative experiences from students, alums, postdocs and faculty of the Science Research Initiative. To read more stories, visit the SRI Stories page.

 

Gen Z and AI use in STEM

Gen Z and AI use in STEM


October 24 2025
Above: Yao-Yuan Mao

Teaching Fellow Yao-Yuan Mao will develop new approaches to how students use artificial intelligence in class. 

“The increasing capability and availability of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have brought new challenges in our classrooms, especially for computing courses,” says astrophysicist Yao-Yuan Mao. “New pedagogical approaches are clearly needed, and while general guidance does exist, specific implementation depends on our understanding of how Gen Z students use AI tools in class.”

Mao, an assistant professor in the Department of Physics & Astronomy at the University of Utah, was recently selected as a Martha Bradly Evans Teaching Fellow. The fellowship will allow them to develop these new approaches in two phases, the first involving a "field study" in the Computational Laboratory for Classical Mechanics in the Department of Physics and Astronomy.

In the lab, explains Mao, their team will observe how students utilize AI tools for computational tasks. “An undergraduate researcher will document these interactions as a bystander, without participating in student evaluation at all.”

In the second phase, Mao further explains, their team will develop pedagogical guidelines, recommendations and materials based on the field study results, specifically tailoring them for physics computing instructors. “The final product will be a well-structured document containing the field study findings, the detailed pedagogical guidelines and recommendations and a collection of adaptable example course materials.”

Using AI 'responsibly and productively'

Mao’s colleague Jordan Gerton sees the work Mao is proposing as developing a deeper understanding of how AI is being used by students and instructors, “to help students learn to use AI responsibly and productively."

Another colleague Kyle Dawson agrees: "This award recognizes the foresight that Professor Mao has beyond the material for those classes and into how advances in computation such as AI impact our overall educational mission."

Outside of the classroom, Mao’s research work advances the discovery and understanding of low-mass galaxies, Mao’s use of the powerful Rubin Observatory allows them to search for these faint objects, likely increasing the number of known low-mass galaxies by a hundred-fold over in the coming years.

Ben Bromley, also a professor in the department of Physics and Astronomy, explains how these galaxies are “cosmic gems” as they are composed of considerably more dark matter per star than other galaxies more familiar to us like our own, much larger, Milky Way. “That makes each elusive low-mass galaxy that Yao discovers a great laboratory for exploring dark matter’s properties,” says Bromley.

'No-risk, high-reward effort'

Bromley further explains his colleague’s intriguing finds that they serve as key building blocks of bigger galaxies. “Yao's low-mass galaxies together will help transform our understanding of galaxy formation and the emergence of the cosmic web of structure that extends across the universe.” Despite their small size, he says, “Yao’s galaxies can track where mass is, where it’s going and how it is organizing into larger and larger structures. In this way they are like weather balloons, giving key bits of information that help us paint the big picture.”

That Mao is equally adept as a researcher as they are as an instructor and mentor in the classroom, for which they are being recognized by the Bradley Fellowship, perhaps provides the perfect combination for exceptional undergraduate education and learning. This project also fits in nicely with the ongoing discussion of AI in Education hosted by the College’s Center for Science and Mathematics Education.

Concludes Bromley, “The project envisioned by Yao for the [Martha Bradley Evans Center for] Teaching Excellence award, is an inspired no-risk, high-reward effort that will help guide both students and us faculty through uncertain straits ahead.”

By David Pace

For a full list of this year’s 2024-25 Fellows awarded by the Martha Bradley Evans Center for Teaching Excellence at the University of Utah, click here.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

David Goldenberg: Bridging Physics and Biology

David Goldenberg: Bridging Physics and Biology


October 23, 2025
Above: David Goldenberg in front of Ludwig Boltzmann’s grave, Vienna, with his bust and the famous equation.

When David Goldenberg arrived at the University of Utah's School of Biological Sciences in 1985, he brought with him a passion for understanding one of biology's most fundamental mysteries: how proteins fold.

Over his remarkable 40-year career, Goldenberg would become not only a distinguished researcher at the forefront of biophysical chemistry but also a devoted educator who helped shape the undergraduate experience for countless students.

His colleague David Blair, who first met Goldenberg in 1990 during his own faculty interview, remembers being picked up at the airport by his future colleague. "We went for a beer," Blair recalls. "We talked about the thermodynamics of water. It's not a typical over-the-beer conversation, but it was fun."

That conversation was quintessentially Goldenberg—a scientist inspired by the fundamental forces that govern life itself.

At the Physical Edge of Biology

The School of Biological Sciences is one of the largest academic units at the U with interests and programs spanning from molecular biophysics to global ecology and Goldenberg occupied a unique position as "the extreme biophysical end of the department" which in 2018 became a school. To illustrate this point during his retirement tribute in May 2025, Blair shared a quote from one of Goldenberg's papers: "In the context of pure populations, the product operators are shown to represent quantum correlations between the nuclei and individual molecules, and a new variation on the classical vector diagram is introduced to represent these correlations."

"Very biophysical. It has to do with NMR," Blair explains. "The joke was, who understands this, right? And I knew literally no one in the audience would truly understand that."

Yet this technical sophistication never isolated Goldenberg from his colleagues. "He's always been a natural fit," Blair notes, "in spite of his very physical character, in the sense that he also has an appreciation for genetics and evolution."

Master of Mutations and Disulfide Bonds

Goldenberg's research focus on protein folding—understanding how linear chains of amino acids fold into specific three-dimensional structures that determine function — was groundbreaking in its approach. He became "well known for" using "genetic approaches to studying protein folding," as Blair puts it, citing another paper: "Mutational analysis of a protein folding pathway ... destabilizing amino acid replacements at different sites in the protein can have distinct effects on the kinetics and equilibria of different steps in a protein folding reaction."

"That's almost plain English," Blair observes with a smile. "It's accessible to everyone."

Goldenberg's work often centered on bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), a small but well-folded protein stabilized by multiple disulfide bonds. These chemical linkages provided what Blair describes as "tools" and "access to the folding pathway," because they form at different rates during folding and contribute differently to protein stability. This work made Goldenberg "very expert in the chemistry of thiol disulfide equilibrium reactions."

A Career Spanning Revolutionary Change

Goldenberg's career coincided with an explosion in structural biology. As Blair notes, "When he was three years old, the first protein structure was solved" — myoglobin, determined by X-ray crystallography and worthy of a Nobel Prize. "When he came here, there were 150 protein structures known. And now, after his 40-year career, there are more than 200,000 protein structures known experimentally."

Even more remarkably, Goldenberg witnessed the emergence of artificial intelligence solutions to the very problem that had driven his research. While structural biology originated with the discovery of X-ray diffraction in the early 20th century, which led to the determination of the first protein structure (myoglobin) in 1958 and the DNA double-helix in 1953, today, programs like AlphaFold can now predict protein structures from amino acid sequences alone — "the definition of the protein folding problem," as Blair explains.

AlphaFold has predicted the structures of more than a billion proteins, sometimes discovering entirely new folding patterns. Clearly, the field both men have been enmeshed in as researchers, has been transformed by technology. "AlphaFold knows more than we do," says Blair.

Conscience of the Department

Beyond research, Goldenberg dedicated himself to undergraduate education, serving for years as Associate Director of Undergraduate Programs. Blair describes him as someone who helped "organize the curriculum" and "keep the undergraduates calm to the extent possible" in a large, diverse school serving students with interests ranging from pre-med to research.

“David was … an incredible mentor to me during our work on managing the undergraduate curriculum,” says Naina Phadnis, assistant director of undergraduate programs. “I learned so much from him — he is the most thoughtful and thorough person I have worked with, giving even the smallest tasks careful consideration.” Significantly, Goldenberg navigated undergrad education in biology through the Covid pandemic beginning in 2020.

Earlier, in 2009, Goldenberg received the College of Science Professorship—the award's inaugural year — for developing an integrated curriculum that bridged traditional separations between chemistry, physics and biology. His course, "Physical Principles of Biology," reflected both "his intellectual foundations and his taste" and "his belief that we should unify these different parts of the College of Science."

Blair also remembers Goldenberg as "the conscience of the department" in faculty meetings, "the person who will voice the semi-obvious, uncomfortable issue." In 2020, Goldenberg joined many prominent scientists in signing a letter to the academic journal Science entitled "Uphold the Nuclear Weapons Test Moratorium," underscoring his scientific rigor with his signature social conscience.

“I was fortunate to work with David when I began my role as Director of the School of Biological Sciences,” says Fred Adler. "He brought a deep understanding of the working of the University of Utah on par with his understanding of the only slightly less complex topic of nuclear magnetic resonance. With his fierce intelligence and uncompromising moral compass, David had the initially annoying habit of always being right, which I came to appreciate more and more as I learned.”

Stimulating Conversations

The relationship between Blair and Goldenberg, whose labs were located near each other for years, was built on regular lunch conversations that Blair describes as "stimulating." These discussions often broached fundamental questions about what stabilizes proteins — “memorable” conversations because they concerned "aspects of what stabilizes proteins that are not obvious, not well known."

Blair recalls Goldenberg sharing insights about the hydrophobic effect, which stabilizes proteins by driving water-avoiding molecules to the protein interior. At higher temperatures relevant to extremophile organisms, this fundamental process actually reverses its physical basis—a discovery that fascinated Goldenberg because "life probably originated and initially evolved at very high temperature."

"It's an example of his taste," explains Blair. "Something that's really very fundamental, and that is mathematical technical, but its essence is very simple and easy to communicate, and very important."

Lasting Legacy

As Goldenberg enters retirement, he continues to contribute to the university community. He's organizing his teaching notes from courses including "Physical Principles of Biology" to make them available online for other instructors, and his richly illustrated book, "Principles of NMR Spectroscopy" published in 2016 continues to have a following among graduate students and advanced undergraduates in the field of chemistry, biochemistry or biology.

For his retirement, Blair had suggested Goldenberg start a microbrewery with a beer named "S = k ln W" — Boltzmann's fundamental equation for entropy that's "engraved on Boltzmann's tomb."

It's a fitting tribute to a scientist who found beauty in the mathematical foundations of life itself.

 

by David Pace

Preserving atmospheric oxygen in sulfate

Preserving atmospheric oxygen in sulfate


October 22, 2025

New research led by U geoscientist shows O₂ in sulfate deposits, coupled with geochemical clues, could help identify microbial activity in Earth’s rock record and even in Martian sediments

Issaku Kohl

Because oxygen-bearing sulfate minerals trap and preserve signals from Earth’s atmosphere, scientists closely study how they form. Sulfates are stable over billions of years, so their oxygen isotopes are seen as a time capsule, reflecting atmospheric conditions while they were evolving on early Earth—and possibly on its planetary neighbor Mars.

A new NASA-funded study led by a University of Utah geochemist examines how sulfate forms when pyrite, commonly known as “fool’s gold,” is oxidized in environments teeming with microbes versus those without them. The researchers focused on Spain’s Rio Tinto, a contaminated river passing through a region where iron and copper were mined for thousands of years. What’s left in the hills of Andalusia may be an environmental calamity, but scientists now regard it as an analog for what the Martian surface may have once been like.

This acidic mine drainage is rich in sulfates and bacteria known to oxidize both sulfur and iron. The research team measured the “triple oxygen isotopes” (ratios of 17O/16O and 18O/16O) in sulfate to figure out how much of the oxygen comes directly from air compared to water.

“This is the first time where we’ve seen outdoors, not in the lab, that we can perpetuate this direct reaction between O2 and pyrite sulfur if the environmental conditions are just right,” said lead author Issaku Kohl, associate research professor in the Department of Geology & Geophysics. “Because we’ve been able to identify that niche, we now have geochemical markers or criteria that would allow you to find a similar environment or remnants of a similar environment in the rock record, either on Earth or in an extraterrestrial setting.”

The study homed in on a bacterium called Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, believed to be among the earliest clades of microbes, potentially producing energy prior to the evolution of photosynthesis. The research team discovered that in microbe-rich, acidic environments, A. ferrooxidans drives pyrite oxidation in a way that preserves a remarkably high amount, exceeding 80% and up to 90%, of atmospheric oxygen (O₂) in sulfate.

Unlike lab experiments, where this signal fades quickly as sulfate incorporates O₂ from water, the Rio Tinto microbial-active ecosystem maintains this strong atmospheric imprint.

Researcher Issaku Kohl recorded the video below at a historic mining district in Spain, which scientists now an analog for the surface of Mars. It shows the mixing zone on the Rio Tinto, where green water, rich in the Fe2+ ion of iron, containing very high O₂ content sulfate, is discharging from a mine tailings pile. This water is mixing into the river’s main branch red waters, where most of the iron occurs as Fe3+ and sulfate oxygen is mostly sourced from water.

Accordingly, sulfate deposits don’t just preserve atmospheric and environmental conditions—they may also carry a microbial “biosignature.” Such signatures could help scientists interpret sulfate minerals on Mars or in ancient Earth rocks as a potential record of both atmospheric conditions and microbial activity.

Martian sediments hosted evaporites containing abundant sulfate minerals, but scientists don’t yet know how those sulfates formed.

“The current favored hypothesis is that it’s through atmospheric oxidation of volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO₂). But environments like that have telltale geochemical signatures that indicate whether this was likely aerosolized and oxidized in the atmosphere at relatively high temperature and therefore, unlikely to have had life involved,” Kohl said.

by Brian Maffly

You can read the full story in At the U.

Pace Yourself Podcast: Phillip Bimstein

Listen Here:


Posted October 20, 2025

Introduction:


Guest: Phillip Bimstein

A former mayor of Springdale, Utah outside Zion National Park, Bimstein is an Emmy award-winning musician and composer threaded through many genres, including classical, experimental, punk rock, and folk music. His alternative classical compositions have been performed by soloists, chamber ensembles and orchestras, at, among other venues, Carnegie Hall, the Lincoln and Kennedy Centers, and the Spoleto and Aspen Festivals, among others. A certified mindfulness teacher, he designs and teaches unique arts and humanities courses at the University of Utah’s Honors College. This past summer, he taught at the U. S. Asia Campus in Korea.

 

Additional Resources:

Red Rock Rondo: Zion Canyon Song Cycle (Spotify)

Red Rock Rondo: Secret Gift

Transcript:


David Pace

This podcast discusses trauma related to illness, including suicide. If you’re having suicidal thoughts, you can dial or text the suicide and crisis lifeline at 988. That’s 988.

Hi, my name is David Pace and this is Pace Yourself, a University of Utah College of Science podcast, ‘On Wellness’.

My guest today is Philip Bimstein, who is a former mayor, an Emmy award-winning musician and composer, threaded through many genres, including classical, experimental, punk rock, and folk music. His alternative classical compositions have been performed by soloists, chamber ensembles and orchestras, at, among other venues, Carnegie Hall, the Lincoln and Kennedy Centers and festivals, from the Spolito to the Aspen Festival. A certified mindfulness teacher, Philip Designs, and teaches unique arts and humanities courses at the University of Utah’s Honors College. This past summer, he taught at the U. S. Asia Campus in Korea.

Welcome,

Philip Bimstein. Thank you.

I’m glad to be here. It’s really a pleasure, you know, we, we were just talking a minute ago that we kind of go quite a way back.

We do.

Both with you and your wife, Charlotte Bell, who will also be on this podcast later today. And most recently I went to a concert at Libby Gardener Hall right across the, President Circle here, titled Sound in Silence. It was with Salt Lake Symphony, so correct.

Yes.

And it was hosted by you and featured Charlotte on the English horn and oboe, is that correct? Did I get that right?

That’s correct.

It was a beautiful concert. And, we’re going to be talking about one of the pieces that you did there that was inspired by Terry Tempest, Williams’ Refuge, Silence. Poem, is that correct?

 

Phillip Bimstein

Well, she gave me carte blanche, very generously to make my own composition based on her words and voice from the book. And I organized the four movements into four themes, one of which was silence. So, it wasn’t a poem that she wrote. I just selected certain portions of the book from various places that related to silence.

Gotcha.

 

David Pace

And listening. Since that was the theme of the concert.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Exactly, yeah.

 

David Pace

Including John Cage’s, was a 433, what is his favorite?

 

Phillip Bimstein

433, which is four minutes and 33 seconds of silence.

 

David Pace

[laughter]

Which was very, I don’t want to go down that rabbit hole too much, too fast, but it was really something to sit in that big hall with, you know, hundreds of people. Maybe even over a thousand and have it that silent that long. But it was also very illuminating, which is, we’re going to talk about that, you know, about the whole notion of silence. And, also, what you like to call experiential learning in your coursework here at the University of Utah. Do you want to talk a little bit about those courses that you have, I think there’s three or at least three, but maybe four of them.

 

Phillip Bimstein

And one that was kind of a formative one for me, the one that I started with, composing the community, which is about music, dialogue, and community, and the analogies between them. But I talked that for 12 years, and then I kept designing new ones. And the ones I’m teaching now are, well, as you mentioned, I think that I taught at the Utah Asia Campus in Korea over this summer. I taught kindness.

And in this fall, now, I’m teaching the artfully extended mind for about the fifth year, and in the spring, I teach Radical Quiet for about the seventh or eighth year. All of them, especially the last two I mentioned, are about the arts and the mind. And kindness is not as much, I always get some arts in and I write a song based on a student paper and stuff, kindness, of course, is about, we study academically, kindness through the lenses of philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, etc., but we also practice a meditative technique for cultivating goodwill.

 

David Pace

Which is why it’s called experiential learning.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Exactly, that’s one of the reasons, because we do in all of the classes, we do mindfulness meditation in class, and at home, where they get assigned guidance, sometimes by myself, mostly by great meditation teachers. So yes, that’s experiential, the meditation, but also the technique of learning the pedagogy is experiential in that, especially in this current course, the Artfully Extended Mind, where we read a bunch of cognitive philosophers, psychologists, philosophers, political scientists, social scientists, about how we think, not only with the brain, but with the body. The body is an aspect of our thinking space. We utilize space and how we think and cognate. And we utilize relationships with people. So, we read a lot of theory and science and research.

But the experiential part is like, then we want to get that textual learning into our bodies, into space, into our relationships. So, this course has 12 workshops, presentations, a choreographer from the U, Molly Heller.

 

David Pace

Virginia Catherall,  I read was in there. Was that? Yes, for Catherall does fabulous fabric textile art.

 

Phillip Bimstein

She does, and she leads a workshop at the Utah Museum of Fine Arts, last year it was in printmaking and in the past it’s been mask making.

 

David Pace

Jesse Parent? Did I hear?

 

Phillip Bimstein

Jesse Parent, yeah, he’s terrific. He’s a slam poet. He is exactly, you are right on top of this, and I know you know poetry. He is a nationally known slam poet and Jesse Parent comes for two workshops because he’s also an improv guy. So, we have a poetry slam workshop and we have an improv acting workshop. So, you know, and six or seven others. I do a songwriting workshop where they don’t really, I just throw them into the lurch and they write a song in half an hour and then as a group.

So, all of this is experiential. All of this is like seeing now you read about how you think with your body, but now you’re actually going to think with your body. You’re going to move, you’re going to think about space. You’re going to think about your relationship to others. So that’s why they are experiential learning process.

 

David Pace

So, speaking of scientific studies, you indicate in your kindness abstract for the course that scientific studies have shown that such practices, increase life satisfaction and reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms.

They do.

That doesn’t surprise me at all, I’m coming out of the humanities and arts myself. But what’s interesting to me is that you are looking at a fairly rigorous academic program reading the literature as well as then moving into this experiential mode through mindfulness and the other components that you were talking about.

So, since this is a podcast on wellness, what have been some of the… Well, before we actually talk about some of the student’s success stories, if you will, there are some other courses that you teach, composing communities, the one that you were just talking about, kindness, then there’s this other one called radical quiet.

So, this explores and develops vital alternatives according to your abstract here, quiet and slow ways of living, learning, and appreciating our lives and the world around us.

What’s so radical about quiet?

 

Phillip Bimstein

Well, yes, a lot of people ask that. Why that title?

 

David Pace:

After all, you are a musician.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Well, a couple of reasons. First of all, the root meaning of radical is root, radical, radish, et cetera. So, I know that we tend to think of radicals being something extreme; that’s how it’s generally used in terms of politics and stuff. But, radical at root means to get at the root of something, so that’s part of the reason why it’s called radical quiet, we’re getting at the root of quiet. Not just how people think of it, like quiet is just amorphous thing, something to be avoided, but we want to get at the power, then the meaning of quiet.

 

David Pace

Rather than the phrase, it’s too quiet.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Exactly, and most people today, especially in the modern world, are uncomfortable with quiet. And this course tries to get us back to understanding the value and sort of the goodness and even the use of quiet.

And we might talk about that a little bit later. But, so we do practice, like you said, quiet and slow ways of living. One of the books we read is called How to Do Nothing by an artist professor at Stanford named Jenny O’Dell. He’s one of Barack Obama’s favorite books several years ago. The subtitle, it’s called How to Do Nothing, Resisting the Attention Economy. And we all know how, you know where the distraction economy is. Distraction, yes, doom scrolling. But there’s so many ways that we distract ourselves. Even just to put on music all the time. We all love music, and students, especially, love to put on their earbuds and listen to music.

And that’s fine, I don’t tell them not to. But it’s good to, like sometimes, not what you’re doing sometimes is distracting yourself and something that maybe it would be better that you experienced. Because as Carl Jung says, what you resist persists.

So sometimes it’s better to, like, you so yeah, you want to distract yourself from your anxiety or worries. But sometimes it’s better to just allow yourself to experience them.

And also what we do, we go to the Utah Museum of Fine Arts, they’re just a wonderful institution. Ashley Farmer sets up, have you read her book, by the way?

Ashley Farmer, no, what’s the name of it? Oh, I’ll tell you afterward.

 

David Pace

We’ll put it in the resources.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Oh, you would love it. Anyway, she’s, she allowed, you know, the museum, and I was a whole, but she’s my contact person. Let’s become there about eight times during the spring semester. Five of those times or so, we just do slow-looking at art. Because most of the time, people look at art for like eight seconds, 15 seconds, move to the next one. And half that time I’d be spent reading the placard next to it.

What we do is we…

 

David Pace

I’m guilty as charged.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Yes, exactly. We all are. So what we do is we spend time actually looking and experiencing. And I have them look before explaining anything about it. Because I want them, again, the experiential. I want them to experience whatever they experience. It’s not about, it’s not about knowledge. It’s not about being identified in a movement or the time period or what the history of the student professor. I mean, the artist was like we touch upon those things. But the main thing is their personal experience of that artwork.

And we also do workshops with Virginia Cathedral. And we use the Great Hall for like a drum circle, or for Molly Heller as I said to do a movement workshop and things like that.

 

David Pace

So, when you were talking about the slow watching or looking at art, I’m reminded of the book by Arden Reed called Slow Art in 2017 and he talks about the experience of looking. And that his statistic is that the average American spends 6 to 10 seconds with individual artworks, museums, and galleries. And that’s when he goes into the culture of distraction and talks about the value of slow art because it’s participatory is that aligned with what you’re engaged with it?

 

Phillip Bimstein

Truly seeing it, you know, not just seeing, you know, I mean, if we can go this far when with the students, it’s not just seeing it as an object, but having an I-Thou as Martin Boober says, relationship with the art and seeing how it affects you.

And it’s not just slow looking at art. The whole course radical quest is about slow living and there’s all kinds of movements, like slow cities, slow food, you know, as supposed to fast food, which is really experiencing it.

And that’s what basically is that root of all my courses is it’s like it’s about living. It’s about being alive, being awake to who you are and what’s going on around you. So, all of these things, the arts and the meditative practices and the reading of the, you know, what I call the crunchy intellectual stuff is all meant to bring you back to yourself and the experience of being alive.

 

David Pace

Let’s listen to some music. Okay. I was really struck by this Terry Tempest Williams’ piece that you did in May. Yes. And so we’re going to listen to an excerpt from that. And if you could tell me just by way of introduction what it is that you were trying to do as you, I think you mentioned that she gave you a Terry Tempest Williams, by the way, as an author and environmentalist conservationist, in fact, our own Ross Chandler is a graduate of the Environmental Humanities Program that she founded here at the University of Utah. So she’s already a bit of a rock star, although rock is maybe the wrong genre here.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Right. She’s internationally now, right? You know, New York Times, publisher, rapids, et cetera. Yeah.

So tell us about this piece briefly and then we’ll listen to it. We’re an excerpt from it.

First, it’s performed by the Abramian String Quartet, who are all members of the Utah Symphony at the time. And it’s a String Quartet. The piece is written for two violins, a viola and a cello, and there are four movements. We’re just going to hear the second movement, which is called “Silence,” which I wrote by taking various elements of the book that related to that subject, “Silence, Quiet Listening.”

And the main part of it, like it begins, I’m sure you’ll just play a little bit of it, is that “Silence” is very, very dear to Terry, along with “Birds.” She has a personal story behind you. She has a personal story about her mother was dying from cancer, which ran in Runs and Terry’s family. That’s what the book refuge was part, half a bout, and the other half about the interwoven about the bird’s refuge being threatened. She’s sitting by the bedside of her mother, who’s getting close to passing away, and her mother says to her, “I just want to listen to the silence with you by my side.” And it’s just so precious, so dear. And Terry says that in — it writes that in the book, and because I asked her to read portions of the book to me, I asked her to read that line. So it’s Terry saying it, but she’s quoting her mother.

So when I make a refrain out of it, and when I work with people’s voices, which I do with a lot of pieces, I repeat certain things, just like a phrase, a musical phrase, a melody, or an rhythm. So that’s what I do. And when I write the piece, I listen to the meaning of her words, of course, but I also listen to the tone and the feeling, the texture, and the pitch, and whether it goes up or down, and then I write music that either does the same thing or previews it, or echoes it, or supports it in some way. And so she speaks throughout this movement. I know we’ll just hear a little bit about the intimate role of silence in her life, in all of our lives. But I just want to say one quote that she says in it. I don’t know if we’ll get this far. This just captures it in a nutshell. She says, “Silence is the strength of our interior life. If we will fill our lives with silence, then we will live in hope.”

 

David Pace:

Lovely. Let’s listen to it.

[Music excerpt #1]

 

David Pace

I was struck by a quote that I also read in preparation for this podcast by Her, which is, “In silence, the noise is outside cease, so the dialogue inside can begin.”

And I think that that’s what I gathered from that as well, sitting there. Yes. And it was very experiential, by the way.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Very experiential and very much connected to the theme of this podcast, wellness, wellbeing, so that you can hear and know your inner dialogue, because a lot of times we have an inner dialogue, and we won’t, we hide from it. We don’t want to recognize it. It’s better that we know it. On the other hand, and this is where I get into my meditation teaching, because I am a certified mindfulness teacher as well, that we don’t want to get caught up in those thoughts. We want to be aware of them, but not necessarily to always be within them and writing them. We just want to be aware that they’re there, and to feel them, and acknowledge them, and recognize them. And then we can, you know, have a little space and balance within them.

 

David Pace

Yeah, this reminds me of when I was working with your wife, Charlotte, in the alternative press here in Salt Lake City, and I was the theater critic for 10 years. And I just remember thinking about how awful it was that I was theater critic. I mean, I got into it because I wanted to see more theater for foray, quite frankly. But the problem became, is that I was so busy watching my reaction to the play that I never actually watched the damn thing, or experienced it fully, like perhaps I certainly do now, now that I’m not tasked with doing a formal essay or critique of it.

And I think that’s what maybe she’s getting at a little bit here, and maybe you are too, which is how quickly we step away from experience and pull up our phone and take a picture of it instead, right?

 

Phillip Bimstein

Exactly.

And that’s what I was doing as a theater critic for 10 years, so it kind of damaged me. I’m very traumatized by all of that.

 

Phillip Bimstein

I’m sure you’re not damaged, but I understand exactly what you’re talking about. Sometimes as a composer and somebody who studied music in the conservatory, I have to catch myself like, let’s not get to, when I’m listening to music, let’s not get too analytical. Okay, I can go do a set theme and how it came back, but let’s just listen to the texture, just listen to the emotion, et cetera.

 

David Pace

So, she also talks about, I don’t want to go into too much of this, but teaching a song dog. Tell us about the song dog, because I think this speaks very much to what you’re doing in classes here.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Absolutely, it is. It’s kind of, ever since Terry told that story, like when I moved to Utah in 1988, well then a year or two, Terry Williams wasn’t quite the rock star that he is now. But she came and spoke at the Bit and spear which is a Mexican swim, down in the spring del, where we sometimes had events. Which is where you were also mayor. Where are you talking about it? Where we will talk about it. In one of her books, one of her very first books, I think is maybe her first or second book, she talked about the song dog story, which she heard from the Navajo Indian. Okay. And, it was very influential to me. And what it is, is that the creation,

One of the creation stories of the Navajo, is that on the planet earth, before there was anything on it, out of a hole in the earth, came a coyote and he looked around and he saw nothing there. And he just, he sang, sang the world, or he or she, sang the world into existence. And so that’s why it’s by the Navajo, whatever word they used, it’s the equivalent of a song dog.

And I love that story because it speaks to the capability our innate capacity, all of us have, to sing our world into existence. And as I stress when, as being mayor, could to collaboratively do that. Not always just individually, but in conjunction with others. We sing our worlds into existence. So it’s, it calls attention, yes, this does, is at the foundation of all my teaching. And perhaps why I teach, is to, is to remind people and bring out that capacity, that we—and by the way, might as well squeeze us in while I think of it. The root word of education is educe, e-d-u-c-e, I always ask my students if they’ve heard of that word and, nobody ever has, educe, the first four words, the first letters, educe, are the first four letters of education. And so, I think it’s interesting that the word educe means to draw forth from within. So yes, education is about learning about the chemical, you know, periodic tables and how chemicals interact and all kinds of facts and historical facts. But at root education, traditionally going back thousands of years, to wherever that word was originated, is about pulling out from within. So yes, we learn things, but the ultimate purpose is to pull out from ourselves. And so, I think this also relates to well-being and wellness that when we do that, then we become more truly ourselves and we have a richer experience of life.

 

David Pace

So, there’s, that’s fascinating but there’s also kind of a social and political aspect of this. And I think you get to this in your TED Talk, which, by the way, is one of the best TED Talks I’ve ever watched. And the reason why is because you bring on your keyboard and you play music and illustrate how the work that you did in Springdale has a mayor. So, I will definitely recommend that.

But at the end of that TED Talk, you say that you referenced the song dog, I believe, singing the world into existence. And you have a call to action at the end of that TED Talk that is great: “Find your voice and sing, compose your own song. We can sing a politics of possibility and create a brighter future. And we’re not only citizens of this world. We’re composers of it Thank you so much.”

 

Phillip Bimstein

Well, thank you for remembering that and also about voice because one thing I have in mind when I say, find your voice, it’s not only singing and speaking but it’s your voice in writing, your voice in expression. So, I’m thinking of voice in a larger frame than only literally voice.

 

David Pace

Right, right. So it’s time to listen to another excerpt really quickly and you’re, you’ve been the composer and a participant in the ensemble Red Rock Rondo. And you’ve done some really fascinating work with taking stories and oral histories, as well as from books, stories that you then elaborate on and illuminate through really beautiful music in my view. And so there’s this piece called My Little Town. It was part of your Zion Canyon song cycle that you did. And I think it grew out of your, well, obviously, you grew out of your experience there as mayor in Springdale. But tell us a little bit about that before we listen to an excerpt of it. It’s an ode, you call it, to a little town. It’s a little sentimental, which is fine.

Everybody needs some sentiment in their life. So, tell us a little bit about this piece and then we’ll listen to an excerpt from it.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Yeah, well, so as you mentioned, the songs are based on oral histories and some stories that you get from books. All of the songs in the cycle except for one are based on other people’s stories. Some historical people from 100 years ago, some current residents of Springdale.

 

David Pace

And Springdale, by the way, is the entry to Zion National Park, one of the busiest national parks in the country.

 

Phillip Bimstein

And that’s true. And many of the songs and the stories that people told me relate to their experience in the natural environment or the park and its development, etc. So then I thought, well, I don’t know that I did this intentionally, but it just came up one day that when I was writing songs, like I started writing about my own impressions of the town. And I’m from the big city. I’m from Chicago. And it was a big change moving there. And I really love the sweetness of the town, the sweetness of the people. Getting to know your neighbors and seeing them out in their front lawn and driving, you see them drive down the street to go get groceries and stuff. And going to the Lions Club, picnic or pancakes on Fourth of July, and stuff like that. So I just got in touch with my own feelings about my little town. I even have a part where I sort of missed it ’cause at that point that I wrote it, I’d actually been gone for a few years. And about how, like even when you go, when you have that experience, and we all have that in our lives, something that touches your heart, that it’s never completely gone. And it’s wonderful when you can get back in touch with it. So that’s what I tried to express with that song.

 

David Pace

Well, let’s listen to it. Okay, thank you.

[Music Excerpt #2]

 

David Pace

So this is one of my favorite albums. I’m sorry I’m being very confessional here. I love that album. And my sorrow is that more people in the state of Utah don’t know about it. They need to, because I think it really speaks. It elevates all of the tensions as well as some of the glory of—and some of the sadness really—of what it’s like to be a Utahn and to live in the desert.

And, related to your time in Springdale, as mayor, I think it was Parade magazine that called you “the man who brought civility back to town.” And that story, you’re gonna have to listen to in your TED talk. We don’t have time to really unpack that. But there was some interesting tensions going on down there in Springdale related to, oh, —surprise, surprise—development, and other things in a really beautiful picturesque down, it’s largely based off of tourism and conservation of the desert.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Yes, yes, and there were, when I moved there, it was, well, you said it’s polarized because of development issues, but also, I have to say, which kind of relates to current situation in this country. The person who is mayor at the time was very dysfunctional. And whenever there was any issue between people, instead of trying to resolve it, would stir things up and make things worse. And so, I had no intention of becoming mayor, I moved there just to, like I didn’t want to be a theater critic of the town, I wanted to enjoy the environment.

But I became president of the local arts council, and somebody came to me one day and said, you know, you ought to run for mayor, and I said, why me, you’re in the planning commission, you know this stuff, I don’t know this, they said because the arts council is doing some of the only positive things in town.

So, I thought about it, and I did it. And, yeah, the town was very divided, people threw a dead chicken into the lawn of the previous mayor. They had to bring a mayor to the town council meetings to keep order.

 

David Pace

A mayor or the sheriff?

 

Phillip Bimstein

Did I say, oh, did I say the mayor, you know, they had to bring the sheriff? Yeah, the sheriff is going to say, the mayor is the problem, Phillip.

They had to bring a sheriff to the town council meetings to keep fistfights and breaking up. And, so I ran for mayor and it was like I was entering the mosh pit, you know, which is so I could bring forth my punk rock background, right? Which is where you started. Yeah, right. I knew how to be, well, I had folk music and classical music before that. Okay. But anyway, I knew how to be in an engaged mosh pit. Anyway, it’s not just me, they say that the man who brought civility back to town, but it’s really the council that brought back because I had some great members of the council. We all worked at it. And as, you know, I’ve written and I teach in my composing community course, sometimes musical analogies for the ways in which we listen to each other and collaborate were, were useful.

 

David Pace

Yeah, definitely. So, really quickly getting back to the mosh pit, it’s very interesting metaphor for you’re talking about in terms of, um, composing life, composing society, composing a conversation, composing relationships, really, um, both on a social level as well as interpersonally. So, um, tell us a little bit, well, actually I can tell you what I think you’re talking about when you say a mosh pit. Um, it’s very present for one thing, it’s by invitation, self-invitation, you bring yourself in it. So, hopefully not too violent, sometimes it can be, but it’s about being present in the moment. So, talk a little bit about how that informs your teaching of students here at the University of Utah.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Well, you nailed it. It’s first about being very present, and being aware of where you are because in a little mosh pit, you have to be careful, watch out for an elbow, you know, or yourself and being somebody. Obviously, in the educational setting, we don’t move— while we do in Molly Heller’s movement workshop. But, um, it’s more of an analogy in the sense that I want people to be present and engaged.

In a mosh pit, you have a whole arena going on, but right there in front of the stage you have a very focused place. So, yes, that’s part of it, uh, there’s very focused and engaged.

You interact with your fellow, uh, moshers, and I want my students to interact with each other. So, I even, in the way, I have them seated at the very first day of class. They walk into class, and they start to put their sit down in a chair somewhere, and I go, “No, no, no. Put your stuff there, sit down in a circle on the floor of the classroom,” and we sit in a circle, and we do a meditation right to start before we even explain to course. And then I, um, and I say, “Now I want you to meditate. I want you to think of something you love, and and, and, and, and, and, and call it to mind image of it, uh, what you would love.” It was something simple, you know, whether it’s your parent, your, your cat, the sunset, uh, and then we go around and we introduce ourselves, instead of by saying, you know, I study chemistry and I’m in a junior and I’m from San Diego, they say, “I love my dog.” You know, “I love the ocean.” You know. And that’s how we introduce each other. So right from the beginning, I like to us to engage on a level of feeling and a level of a different kind of communication.

So, so it’s not always a mosh pit in the sense of violence or extreme movement. It’s a mosh pit in a gentle way as well, but, but in the sense that we truly engage with each other.

 

David Pace

Right, and I think the term is quiet empathy that comes out of a lot of this listening, which I wanted to, in closing here, we’re kind of running out of time, talk about some of your students, yes. One of which is a chemistry student that we won’t name of course, but in his or her paper, they reported on, and I’m quoting now, “I think I understood quiet a long time ago, but just did not realize that quiet is love. It’s peace. It’s the space between what you think and what you say in the shape of your breath as it leaves your body.”

Tell us a little bit more about that particular student or there’s another student that we would like to talk about as well, who is a communications major, but a very special experience with a close friend.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Yes, well, the one that you just mentioned she was a chemist who major and I love it. You know, a lot of my students are science majors or pre-med, etc. And, you know, I love what they bring to the table. And sometimes just last week, as we’re reading about the mind and the arts, a woman brought forth stuff from her anatomy class that related to what we were doing.

Yes, but then the other student that you’re referring to was a communications major. And I think that’s important. And one of his papers, he wrote, “one incredibly sobering situation stands out to me as the focus point of what I’ve learned in this regard in relation to the course. He said a little over two weeks ago, one of my closest friends almost committed suicide. He had been struggling with depression for months and an angry conversation with a loved one pushed him over the edge.

“I happened to call him at just the right time, breaking a nearly fatal silence. We were soon in each other’s arms, crying, the pain was so real. So, at first, I did what I’ve trained myself to do as a communications major. I talked, I told him how much he was loved and appreciated, how it was OK, how I was there for him.

“These words were pebbles thrown at a mountain. The pain that he felt was far greater than what can be described. I could feel it too. So instead of trying to talk to it, to make it go away, I invited silence in.

“We sat together quietly in the bedroom floor with the suffering. The time to speak and console would come later. For that moment, I let the quiet communicate my love and compassion, it was more powerful.”

He goes on to say that the parents of the student flew in, they moved him into his apartment and he was doing well and actually a year or so later, he took my course. I figured it out. They never specifically identified, but I figured it out. That’s why I teach.

 

David Pace

Exactly. That’s the payday.

 

Phillip Bimstein

That is the payday, I don’t need to do this for the payday. It’s nice, it’s great, the house insurance, but I do it, you know, well… and there’s a cost to me, to be honest, I’m not composing as much music. I am writing songs, and we didn’t talk about that. I do write a lot of songs based on student papers. They write a paper.

 

David Pace

You mentioned that. I’ve never had a professor write a song about one of my papers.

 

Phillip Bimstein

I don’t know if I’m doing it, it’s come to class, and it’s like a student, well, I asked their permission. I read their paper and I go, and I send them a comment like, “Oh, I love this part it’s so poetic. I turn that into a song. Do you mind?” They always say yes, and then I come and sing it, but yeah, I learned so much from them, you know, and I tell them that in the first day. I tell them they are the text. I show them all the texts we’re going to read. I said, “But the main text isn’t there.” I say, “Put your hand on your chest, on your tummy. You are the main text. You’re going to learn from each other, and I’m going to learn from you, and that’s why I do this.”

 

David Pace

It must be very validating, but it didn’t fill up. It does, you’re doing amazing work. It was validating. You’re going to make me cry.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Well, that’ll be validating for me to see you cry. No, but it’s validating for me, but it’s also validating for most of the students, because they learn things about themselves. They learn how to deal with their own anxieties. They’re under a lot of stress, and so it’s validating for them too.

 

David Pace

One of the concerts that I remember being closely affiliated with Philip was when I worked for the Utah Humanities, and for the book festival we brought in Ted Gup, this book The Gift.

 

Phillip Bimstein:

It’s A Secret Gift.

 

David Pace

A secret gift. You then picked up with Red Rock Rondo, correct? And wrote an entire song cycle out of it. Tell us briefly about what the book is about itself, and what you’re interested in. And it was, and then we’ll play an excerpt.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Well, I first read the op-ed he wrote before the book came out in the New York Times, about how he had discovered a trove of letters written to his grandfather in Canton, Ohio, in the 1930s during the Great Depression, all asking for the $10 that he was offering.

 

David Pace

And so he was offering anybody who wrote him a letter, right?

 

Phillip Bimstein

Anyone who wrote a letter said of their need. You know, they needed to buy new shoes for their sister, or they wanted to buy Christmas dinner. This was at Christmas time for their family, and it was a known historical fact that this had happened, but it wasn’t known who wrote, who did that, who the benefactor was. And so he discovered it was his grandfather, and Ted Gop is the author, and as soon as any’s a journalist, and as soon as I read that, I wrote, I sent him a track and done, I wrote him, said, “Whoa, I write songs based on stories like this. I just hear all kinds of songs coming out of, just as Op Ed,” I said, “Could I do that?” And he said, “Yes, but the book hasn’t been published yet.” So a year later, the book was published, and he gave me permission to do it. And so I wrote all these songs based on various stories in his book. But then again, like in my little town, I wrote a personal story, sort of, or at least my own expression, called “Give,” I wrote a song called “Give.” And that was about the whole idea of responding to the needs of a stranger, responding to the needs of somebody, having empathy, of being willing to give, to offer yourself. And so I wrote this, and by the way, it was so wonderful that after I wrote this song cycle, the Salt Lake Symphony invited me, Rob Baldwin, the director of this symphony, invited me to orchestrate some of the songs for the orchestra, and so we performed it. That’s probably, you know, we went to, maybe you went to that concert. I did? Yeah, and so we performed six or seven of the songs with the orchestra, and the recording that you’re going to play “Give” is from that concert.

 

David Pace:

Fantastic. Let’s listen to it.

[Music Excerpt #3]

I think that’s a good place for us to close. I think that one of the things that I’ve, I think I’ve come to understand in this conversation and in preparation for this is that the student, as you say, is very central to what you’re doing, the kind of work that you’re doing. And I think it gives them permission to find multiple potential pathways through what you call the heart of the course, and you list three of those. It could be the path of the mind, reading course texts, it could be the path of the arts, experiencing and being the art.

We could talk about the dancer, who can tell the dancer from the dance, and the path of practice, which is the mindful meditation movement awareness, presence, and joy. So I think these all relate profoundly to wellness because it’s integrated and it’s serendipitous, which is pretty much like life, right? Serendipitous.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Absolutely. I love it. You say that. That’s the truth.

 

David Pace

Actually, I quoted you right out of your own stuff. Did you forget you wrote that?

 

Phillip Bimstein

I don’t remember, but I love the words that I should have owned that. And spontaneity. That’s what I’m actually finding more and more than I enjoy about teaching, is that the spontaneity of myself and others, and this conversation with you. So I’m just very grateful, talking about value, and you’re validating my working and helping me to understand that there’s meaning to it. So, thank you so much.

 

David Pace

Absolutely. Afterward, we’re going to have a group hug.

So, our guest today has been Phillip Bimstein, Emmy Award-winning musician, composer. And also a professor here in the Honors College at the University of Utah.

And, thank you so much for joining us. And I can’t wait for your next concert.

 

Phillip Bimstein

Thank you very much, David, we’re really honored to be here.

#