In Memoriam: Maria Cranor

Remembering Maria Cranor


Meeting the Mission

“A lot of us have inflection points in our lives,” says Ryan Behunin, physics professor at Northern Arizona State University. “And oftentimes, at that inflection point there’s a person who can change the trajectory of your life. [For me] she was absolutely one of them. I can say with 100% certainty that I would not be where I am now without having known her.”

Maria at UC Berkeley. Photo credit: Eleanor Najjar

“A lot of us have inflection points in our lives,” says Ryan Behunin, physics professor at Northern Arizona State University. “And oftentimes, at that inflection point there’s a person who can change the trajectory of your life. [For me] she was absolutely one of them. I can say with 100% certainty that I would not be where I am now without having known her.”

Behunin is referring to Maria Boone Cranor—one of the most popular lecturers in the Department of Physics & Astronomy at The University of Utah. She died of cancer on January 15, 2022 at the Salt Lake City home of her great friends April and Dale Goddard. She was 76 years old.

After a long and storied career as a pioneering female rock climber and co-founder of Black Diamond Equipment, Cranor came to the U at age 50. True to her nature as a fierce intellect and lifelong student, she took on a double major in physics and childhood development despite having already earned her BA from UC Berkeley some 23 years earlier. Her physics classes were particularly challenging because she had not taken math since high school and did not understand even basic algebra. But she was fascinated by the subject and determined to succeed. She received math tutoring from Black Diamond engineers and old friends, and she thrived in the program.

“If I’m being completely honest, you could tell that it had been some time since she’d applied her math skills,” says Behunin, her classmate and student at the U and ultimately her lifelong friend. “But she absolutely had the things that were important in science. Being curious, applying logic to problem solving, those are the important skills. She had those. The math is a skill like any other, you can develop that. And she did.”

After earning her BS in psychology in 2002, Cranor decided to continue at the U, working toward a PhD in physics. She was admitted to the graduate program and studied under Richard Price, a leading specialist in general relativity who invited her to join his research group. She also became a lecturer, and her course on science writing would be the most popular in the department.

In the course, Cranor taught students about ethics and how to spot pseudoscience in academic publications and in the news. In one assignment, her students pretended to be engineers at Black Diamond who were working on an ethics problem related to climbing equipment. Little did they know, it was a real problem that the company had faced, and at the end she revealed what the engineers had done.

“I still recommend the things we read in her class to my students,” recounts Behunin. In the days since Cranor’s death, countless people have come forward to say the same: That she stood at the crossroads of their lives with a twinkle in her eye and an insightful word of encouragement.

“Maria was the best person I ever knew. She was also the catalyst who made the structure of my adult life possible,” Rob Owen—another classmate-in-physics-turned-lifelong friend—wrote online after her death. “I doubt I could have become a physicist without her help and influence. And if I somehow had, I wouldn’t know why I’d done it.”

The oldest of five, Cranor grew up in San Francisco. From the start she was the leader of the pack—bold, adventurous, and creative. Her siblings followed her everywhere, even when it might have been wiser to stay home. She led them to the bluffs above San Francisco’s China Beach, where they scrambled along vertical cliffs, much to the dismay of their parents. But her fierce spirit could not be contained. A precocious reader, she began school at the age of four and graduated from high school at 16 having read Tolstoy and Dostoyevski and become fluent in French.

She studied anthropology as an undergraduate at UC Berkeley from 1963-1968, in the heyday of the Free Speech Movement and the civil rights movement, and Vietnam War protests. She attended marches led by activist Mario Savio and attended rallies where students put flowers in the bayonets of the National Guard sent to quell the dissidents. By her own account, she was transformed by her time at Berkeley and left the university intellectually challenged, energized, and committed to progressive politics.

In her late twenties, she discovered rock climbing and was instantly hooked. She moved off the grid and joined the legendary California climbing scene of the 1970s, living at Yosemite’s famous Camp 4 and on the road, climbing crags up and down the state.

Rock climbing was a fast love for Cranor. She described it as “meeting the mission,” a formidable task that she could learn to conquer. It spoke to her desire to take the hard way, and find the solutions to difficult problems.

And it was fun. “[She just had] dozens of friends and acquaintances she would be involved with every morning after breakfast. It was the big powwow with Maria at the center of it,” said Jonny Woodward—a formidable rock climber to whom Maria was married from 1986-2000. The two met at a climbing exchange in England, and then traveled around the U.S. together, living on the road and climbing, before becoming romantically involved. “Maria was just such a big part of that community, such a central character for so many people.”

A skilled climber who prided herself on technique rather than brute strength, Cranor was also a natural mentor for the other women in the male-dominated climbing scene. She was the first woman to ascend Valhalla—a route at Suicide Rock that only a handful of other climbers in the world had completed at the time. Climbers who did the route were considered “Stonemasters,” an elite designation that meant you were one of the best. And she didn’t just climb Valhalla, she flashed it—that is, succeeded on her first try without falling. This was just one of several first-female ascents she made around the state.

In 1984, Cranor was living in Fullerton, California and working at Great Pacific Ironworks, the retail store for Chouinard Equipment—Yvon Chouinard’s climbing gear company that would eventually become Black Diamond. Soon she was hired into a customer service role by Peter Metcalf, co-founder and former longtime CEO of Black Diamond. By 1985 she had created a position for herself as director of marketing.

Maria leading “Ten Carat Gold,” a climbing route at Suicide Rock, Idyllwild in the late ’70s. Photo by Randy Vogel

Cranor was a firebrand and a groundbreaking business woman. After Chouinard declared bankruptcy in 1989, she bought the assets for the company along with Metcalf and a handful of other former employees. Their team moved the headquarters from Ventura, CA to Salt Lake City in 1991 and called it Black Diamond after the tough form of natural diamond formed from pieces of coal under pressure. The name was a perfect fit for Cranor and her colleagues: a group of dirtbag climbers who believed they could transform a bankruptcy into a company that would make a difference for the outdoor community.

She worked as vice president of marketing and creative director for nine years, fighting hard to make sure the company was advancing along with the sport. She was committed to good ideas—when a friend or colleague introduced her to a worthwhile new concept or a superior piece of technology, she threw herself behind it.

“She saw the future of climbing out the windshield not the rearview mirror,” says Metcalf. “She was always a genius at being able to intuitively understand where the sport was and where it was going… . Nobody could do that better than Maria Cranor.”

Throughout her adult life in Salt Lake City, Cranor and Woodward hosted famously fun dinner parties that would bring all kinds of people together. Renowned climbers and alpinists like Lynn Hill and Mark Twight would mingle with brilliant physicists and other friends of diverse backgrounds. She cooked homemade meals, sat everyone down at her table set with silver and built bridges—deliberately seating people next to each other who she felt would get along. The parties fostered fascinating conversations, career development . . . and sometimes romance. The gatherings ended in the living room where everyone would sit on the rug, drink coffee out of demitasse cups and eat Haagen-Dazs ice cream out of the carton with a spoon.

Cranor did not ultimately finish her PhD, but that didn’t matter to her. She was more invested in learning than earning an advanced degree. As her life continued, she became very concerned about the future of the country and directed her formidable energy at causes she believed in. At age 67, she moved to Pueblo, Colorado for seven months to work for the first Obama campaign, coordinating local activities and registering voters door-to-door. She was also a generous donor to UC Berkeley’s Museum of Paleontology, believing that public education serves as a bright light during dark moments.

“What Maria really showed me is that knowledge is for everyone, and that curiosity is the best skill we can ever have,” Rob Owen wrote. “Every one of us can learn every single thing that we ever want to learn. And most surprising of all: we never have to give up who we are in order to become who we want to be.”

 

By Alastair Boone 

Alastair Boone is Maria Cranor’s niece. She is also the editor of Street Spirit newspaper, in Berkeley, California. This story originally appeared  on the Physics & Astronomy website here.

 

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Climate Hackathon

Climate Hackathon


https://wilkescenter.utah.edu/

When the new Wilkes Center for Climate Science & Policy announced in Fall ’22 that it would host a 24-hour Climate Solutions “Hackathon,” there was some confusion across the College of Science.

Hackathons were for coders and computer geeks, right? It turns out, not necessarily. This was to be an activity of intense solving, with a focus on a pernicious climate change-related problem: urban heat.

Urban heat is the phenomenon of cities becoming excessively hot because of urbanization, lack of vegetation, and climate change. It is increasingly causing a range of harmful effects across the world, such as air pollution, health problems, and increased energy consumption.

Ready, Set, Go!

By the time the event kicked off at noon on Friday, Jan. 27 at the Crocker Science Center, close to 140 undergraduate and graduate students had registered. Some arrived as teams of three or four, while others showed up alone, ready to partner with anyone. They were given “hack packs” with “hacking sheets” providing prompts and background information to get them rolling.

“We did as much background research as we could beforehand,” said Hollis Belnap, a graduate student in electrical and computer engineering. “But once the hackathon started, that’s when we just started throwing out ideas, like, what about this? What about that?”

As the evening progressed, dozens of teams burrowed in for a long night of brainstorming, surrounded by snacks, white boards, and laptops. U faculty with specialties in urban engineering or atmospheric studies also made the rounds and offered feedback.

“It was really an urban heat crisis crash course for me,” said Victoria Carrington, a biochemistry and law major. “It was intense, but in a positive way. It’s not like being in a competition to beat other people. It’s like we were all working towards a solution. Even if we didn’t win, we were still doing something really important in that 24 hours.”

Ultimately, the submissions that won over the Wilkes Center staff and leadership team were those that recognized the complexity of the problem and found ways to creatively integrate technologies, data, and policies.

Adrian Sucahyo, Victoria Carrington, Vivek Anandh and Aarushi Verma.

First Place:  Schools as Heat Shelters ($3,000 prize) Team: “Green Campus Solutions”

 Aarushi Verma - undergraduate, Q.E.
 Vivek Anandh - undergraduate, C.S.
 Adrian Sucahyo - undergraduate, E.E.
 Victoria Carrington - graduate, law, biochem

Team Green Campus Solutions proposed using public school buildings as places for shelter during the hot summer months, and upgrading schools with renewable generation stations utilizing existing funding mechanisms in ways that would be scalable.

“When I was a senior in high school, I tried to get our school district to transition to 100 percent clean energy,” said Verma. “So, I knew a lot about schools and how schools can be a hub for clean energy. I also knew the challenges that came with that.”

Verma’s teammates also brought their own shared experiences with asthma and struggling to learn in hot classrooms.  “We really focused on how the urban heat crisis impacts children, and how we can make K-12 schools better prepared to support them, said Carrington. “It took some finessing, but I think we got there.”

Sevda Zeinal Kheiri, Hollis Belnap and Luis Rodriguez-Garcia.

Second Place: Resiliency Hubs and Portable Cooling Centers ($2,000 prize) Team: “USmart Solutions”

Sevda Zeinal Kheiri - graduate, E.C.E.
Luis Rodriguez-Garcia - graduate, E.C.E.
Hollis Belnap - graduate, E.C.E.

Team USmart Solutions proposed a combination of resilience hubs that would not overburden the grid, portable cooling stations, and incentives for community members to use less energy during extreme heat periods.

“The ‘resiliency hubs’ would be large buildings that could generate its own power, it would be green, and could be used to house people during heat wave emergencies – a community resource for people who don’t have AC,” said Belnap. “But then we thought, what if someone cannot go there?” said Rodriguez-Garcia. “We’re thinking of older adults, or people who require specific medical equipment. So, then we brought in another layer for portable cooling resources.”

The USmart team also integrated planning for energy equity – a system that would be equitable for all members of a community.

Jack Perry, Nathanael Busath and Thomas Stewart.

Third Place: An Urban Heat Formula ($1,000 prize) Team: “Hacking Urban Heat”

Jack Perry - undergraduate, Math, Q.A.
Thomas Stewart - undergraduate, C.E.
Nathanael Busath - undergraduate, Finance

Team Hacking Urban Heat created an urban heat index formula using data that cities could analyze to determine and mitigate their own unique urban heat challenges.

“We wanted our solution to be as broad-reaching as possible,” said Busath. “It’s a framework for different cities to figure out what they can do to change.”

“As we maximize green space, the denominator for equation, the urban heat index is going to go down,” added Stewart. “So, that was the really cool thing about developing the equation. Now we can go in and look at a specific situation, say, is there a lot of green space in this area already? All right, where can we reduce building materials and their albedo, and minimize that on the numerator.”

Crossing the Finish Line

Victoria Carrington, who like many participants did not know her teammates before the competition, remembered the thrill as the Saturday noon deadline approached.

“I woke up at 4:30 a.m. that second day, and it was like, we’ve gotta get this done! And I think we submitted it with two minutes to spare. It was that super adrenaline-filled type of competition.”

Thirteen teams submitted Hackathon slide decks in total. The top three teams were invited to share posters showcasing their ideas at the upcoming Wilkes Climate Summit on May 16 and 17th. More information about the Climate Solutions Hackathon can be found on the Wilkes Center for Climate Science & Policy website.

Deep in the Hack.

by Ross Chambless, originally published @theU.

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Jessica Haskins

Jessica Haskins


Answering fundamental questions about the chemistry that drives variability in air pollution formation & impacts climate.

There may not be a lot in common with Salt Lake City and Forsyth, GA, population 4,239, but Monroe County’s seat­­–other than being home to the county’s only high school­–does have a small community theater with the same name as one of Salt Lake City’s most notable venues: “The Rose.”

The Rose Theater

In Forsyth, the Rose Theater appears to stage family-friendly shows: “Four Weddings and An Elvis” closes in February. Later, this November 11th, there’s a single-night engagement that looks like an annual outing, “Hometown Gospel Sing.”

The theatre located on Forsyth’s town square is emblematic of the small-town life in which Jessica Haskins grew up before winning a full-ride, need-based scholarship to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). And her move from rural Georgia to the east coast megalopolis was shocking for reasons other than just the differences in weather and academic rigor. "It was a punch in the face” says Haskins, “coming to MIT, and realizing that the experience of most Black Americans outside the southeast, particularly in STEM fields, is one where they often find themselves the only non-white person in the room.”

In fact, Haskins' time at Mary Persons High School was much more diverse than MIT, ranked at the time by the Princeton Review as the toughest school to get into. “None of the places I have worked at in the last 13 years since I graduated high school have come close to mirroring the racial and socioeconomic diversity I grew up thinking was the norm in all of America,” she says. “As such, it’s never been difficult for me to see the power of privilege and the persistence of systemic racism at every stage of the STEM pipeline as I progressed through it.”

Mary Persons High School

Now an assistant professor in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Utah, Haskins is savvier about her own seemingly unlikely journey into higher education. More importantly, perhaps, she’s keenly aware of the challenges “first-gen” college students and other underrepresented populations still face, having to navigate hurdles referred to as the “hidden curriculum” of academia. The term refers to things a neophyte in the academic world should know to maximize their experience and success but doesn’t­. These are things that more privileged students tacitly understand or have been made aware of, like the norm of emailing potential professors to work with in graduate school before they submit their graduate applications or cluing into the notion that graduate students in STEM fields are often actually paid to go to school and do so without accruing debt from tuition.

Paying it Forward
Haskins’ unique perspective of these issues inspired her to use her second government stimulus check during the pandemic to fund a modest scholarship for an underrepresented minority student interested in pursuing an undergraduate STEM degree from her high school. This year, the scholarship went to Maleisha Jackson who is studying computer and robotics engineering at Kennesaw State University, located in north Georgia. “I think people really underestimate the impact that even receiving a 1,000 dollars can do for a student who needs it. I don’t know how I would have afforded a laptop and school supplies for my first year at MIT if I hadn’t received local scholarships like this one, and I want to pay that forward,” Haskins says.

Professor Susan Solomon

Fortunately, MIT treated Haskins well, brokering an “externship” with NASA‘s Goddard Space Flight Center and providing an opportunity to work with Professor Susan Solomon, a 2007 Nobel Peace Prize co-recipient and a National Medal of Science winner awarded by the President. Solomon is best known for being the first to propose the chemical mechanism that is the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole. In the Solomon lab, the budding atmospheric scientist used MLS satellite data & balloon observations to explain fundamental chemical and meteorological differences that prohibit Arctic ozone loss from becoming as severe as Antarctic ozone loss, ultimately resulting in the publication of Haskins’ undergraduate research in the high impact journal, PNAS.

But even with the scholarship to MIT, Haskins required four years of Federal Pell grants and multiple campus jobs to make ends meet and says that even covering graduate application fees was difficult for her. When she was accepted to the University of Washington for graduate school, she was lucky enough to receive an ARCS Foundation fellowship she used to get herself cross-country to Seattle.

Compelling Challenges
Furnished with a PhD, she returned to MIT for a short stint as an NSF Postdoctoral Fellow  before being hired by the U. Needless to say, it wasn’t for the theater that she and her wife moved to Utah’s capital city, but rather the unique (and to her, compelling) challenges facing the state, particularly the winter PM2.5 and summer ozone air quality issues impacting the Wasatch Front, especially during periodic weather “inversions” that trap emissions along the metropolitan valley. An expert in the chemistry of how chloride present in salt impacts air quality, particularly in the winter, Haskins noted, “there is no place in the United States that my research on air quality is more relevant to science and policy than it is in Salt Lake City."

Jessica Haskins

Haskins’ research group at the U is focused on understanding and accurately modeling heterogeneous and multiphase chemistry that transforms natural and anthropogenic (human-derived) gas phase emissions into aerosol particles. These particles make up a key component of smog known as particulate matter (PM2.5). It turns out that, globally, exposure to PM2.5 is the fifth greatest risk factor for death, ranking only behind tobacco use and several other factors related to obesity. But in addition to their impact on human health, these aerosols formed through chemical reactions in the atmosphere also have direct impacts on climate and the Earth’s temperature by reflecting and absorbing light.

Today, more episodes of unhealthy air quality in the U.S., including in Salt Lake City, are experienced in the winter rather than summer, pointing to a shift in the chemistry responsible for formation of secondary pollutants like PM2.5, and ozone. This chemical regime shift has the unintended consequence of rendering past policy solutions to summer air quality issues largely ineffective in the winter. The ineffectiveness left scientists and policy makers with questions about how well they understand the underlying chemistry and what the most effective means are to mitigate such issues now and in a changing world.  Haskins’ past and future research focuses on understanding this type of chemical shift through the lens of atmospheric chemistry with an eye towards understanding how future policy and climate solutions will impact the Earth’s temperature and air pollution formation.

Global Implications
The relevance of such research is not restricted to the intermountain west but has global implications. Large-population countries, like India and China, may have fewer interventions to maintain quality air such as EPA-recommended “scrubbers” on power plants, less stringent policies around automobile emissions and higher rates of open-air waste incineration. “I think what’s most exciting about the prospect of being here at the U,” says Haskins, “is the fact that what we learn about the drivers of variability in air pollution formation and how to control them here in Utah have a global relevance that can help inform policy makers in the East on the fastest and most effective ways to clean up their air quality.”

Haskins' interdisciplinary research sits at the intersection of atmospheric science and chemistry and strives to deepen our understanding of the complex cascade of reactions between our emissions and atmospheric oxidants. Those oxidants control how long gases like methane stay in the atmosphere. It’s a gumbo of considerations that turns, for Haskins, on her understanding of concentrations of common atmospheric oxidants like OH, O3, NO3, and Cl radicals that are dependent on everything from atmospheric water vapor concentrations, exposure to sunlight, temperature, aerosol surface area, emissions of gases like NOx from combustion, etc. She notes that “these processes are challenging to measure and therefore challenging to represent in models, and much remains to be discovered!”

Perhaps unique to her approach is the determination to centralize, assimilate and “exploit” the data already collected from satellites, observation networks, aircraft campaigns, government records and relevant available datasets to improve models. “One of the largest looming challenges our field faces now and, in the future, will be connecting an ever-growing dataset of highly localized measurements to scientifically accurate, but computationally efficient representations in predictive global models,” Haskins has written.

A Lot of Data
All of those data sets along with new ones yet to be collected are key to improving the accuracy and speed of global models of atmospheric composition. “Drawing on my experience in both the measurement and modeling community, my research program will serve to bridge this already significant but growing gap between the data we have and the data we use to inform predictive models and decision makers. Basically, we have a lot of data, and I want to use it,” Haskins says.

The upcoming projects in her group include re-analyzing old measurements to extract new constraints for models, new applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence to atmospheric chemistry problems and integrating data from product databases, patent applications, and other public records. “We’re still catching up with being able to efficiently use data from a variety of sources beyond just measurements made by those of us in academia–especially when you consider how rapidly new computation methods like machine learning have evolved,” she states.  The application of artificial intelligence methods has only just begun to be applied to atmospheric chemistry problems, she explains, “but could greatly improve the speed and accuracy of our models.”

It's an exciting time to be an atmospheric scientist rooted in chemistry, and Jessica Haskins is looking forward to better understanding and communicating the relevant chemical drivers of variability in air pollution formation. But here in the high desert climate that has precious little in common with her Georgian home–except for that community theater thing–she is enthusiastic about building a diverse and collaborative research group in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the U and looks forward to preparing others for an auspicious career in science.

by David Pace